A revision of Clematis sect. Atragene （Ranunculaceae）

Clematis sect. Atragene is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens, extensive field observations, and morphometric analyses. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given, the relationships among the species are discussed, and the evolutionary trends of some characters in the section are evaluated. The staminodes of the plants in this section may have evolved from the outer stamens with petaloid filaments and gradually disappearing anthers. Subsequently, they may have evolved in two different ways. One possibility is that the staminodes elongate and become lanceolate, as long as sepals, and their apices turn into attenuate. The other is that the staminodes are spathulate, but not elongating, as long as stamens, and their apices turn into retuse from obtuse and rounded. The evolutionary trend of sepals may be from thin to thick in texture, and the veins from non-prominent to prominent. As a result, five new series are established and nine species, two subspecies and nine varieties （including three new ranks） are recognized in this section. An identification key is provided, and each taxon is described and illustrated. Clematis sibirica and Clematis ochotensis are treated as subspecies of Clematis alpina due to their subtle differences and lack of, or few, overlapping distributions. Clematis fusijamana and Clematisfauriei are recognized as varieties of C. alpina ssp. ochotensis for the continuous variation of the velutinous strips on the sepal margins. Clematis iliensis is treated as variety of C. alpina ssp. sibirica for the continuous variation of leaf division types. Extensive variations in sepal color and basal caruncle size support degrading Clematis chiisanensis as a variety of Clematis koreana. The North American ser. Occientales may be primitive, whereas ser. Macropetalae may be the most advanced taxon in this section. Ser. Alpinae and ser. Koreanae are closely related to each other. However, the systematic position of ser.     

越南铁线莲属一新种

本文描述的产于越南的毛茛科Ranunculaceae铁线莲属Clematis一新种C. hagiangensis N. T. Do是欧亚大陆第一个具单性花的种, 在花构造方面与单性铁线莲组单性铁线莲亚组sect. Aspidanthera Spach subsect. Dioicae (Prantl) W. T. Wang的种类近缘, 但叶均为单叶, 萼片呈卵形或宽卵形而不同。在单性铁线莲亚组的种, 叶通常为复叶, 只在C. dimorphophylla W. T. Wang和C. variifolia W. T. Wang同时为单叶和复叶, 此外萼片呈长圆形、倒披针形或狭卵形。     

河南槭叶铁线莲(毛茛科)一新变种——无裂槭叶铁线莲

报道了槭叶铁线莲一新变种——无裂槭叶铁线莲Clematis acerifolia Maxim. var. elobata S. X. Yan。该变种与原变种不同在于植株较矮,高不超过20 cm,叶卵形至宽卵形,不分裂,基部宽楔形至近截形,边缘具不规则锯齿。     

铁线莲属研究随访（Ⅳ）

（1）Eichler(1958)在研究马来西亚铁线莲属植物时也深入地研究了中国、越南、泰国、缅甸及喜马拉雅山区的该属标本,认为根据我国台湾标本描述的Clematis taiwaniana Hayata可能为C.javanaDC.的异名。本文作者在研究了有关的南洋群岛、中国台湾及日本琉球群岛的标本之后同意Eichler的归并意见;此外,C.grataWall.var.ryukiuensis Tamura,C.sikkimensis(Hook.f.&Thoms.)Drumm.ex Burkill,C.connata DC.var.bipinnata M.Y.Fang,C.kilungensis W.T.Wang & M.Y.Fang等拉丁学名也被归并为异名。（2）对大叶铁线莲组sect.Tubulosae做出了新的分类系统。特产日本的Clematis takedana Makino自发表后一直被认为是C.apiifolia DC.和C.stans Sieb. & Zucc.（大叶铁线莲C.heracleifolia DC.的近缘种之一）的杂交种。此种为木质藤本植物,具三出复叶,腋生花序有多数两性花,呈圆锥状,而相似于C.apiifolia DC.（萼片水平开展,雄蕊无毛,花药狭长圆形,药隔顶端不突出）,但其萼片向斜上方开展（花萼宽钟状）,花丝上部有疏柔毛,花药条形,药隔顶端有短突起而不同。笔者发现,特产我国河北西部和北京山地的羽叶铁线莲C.pinnata Maxim.（叶为具5小叶的羽状复叶）具有与C.takedanaMakino相同的花构造,二者在亲缘关系上极为相近,组成一个自然小群。这二种与特产北京的细花铁线莲C.tatarinowii Maxim.（花两性,萼片直立,花丝上部有疏柔毛,花药狭长圆形,背面有疏柔毛,药隔顶端不突出）组成大叶铁线莲组sect.Tubulosae的原始群——羽叶铁线莲亚组subsect.Pinnatae。而原来的大叶铁线莲C.heracleifolia DC.等种组成此组的进化群——大叶铁线莲亚组subsect.Tubulosae,其特征为花通常单性,萼片直立,雄蕊常有疏柔毛,茎直立,草质至木质。此外,还对C.siamensis Drumm.ex Burkill的4变种和C.connata DC.的5变种进行了分类。（3）描述了3新系、3新种和4新变种。（4）做出了6新组合和3新等级。     

铁线莲属研究随记(Ⅴ)

(1)描述了9新种,4新变种;做出了2新等级,1新组合和1新名称。(2)归并了以下拉丁学名： Clematis dioica L．ssp．virginiana(L．)Kuntze var．bahamica Kuntze,C．bahamica (Kuntze) Britton,C．orbic- ulata Correll,C．brasiliana DC．var．laxa St．Hilaire,C．perulata Kuntze,C．barranacae Jones,C．discolor Gardn., C．laxiflora Baker,C．bathiei Lévl．和C．mauritiana Lam．var．sulfurea Viguier &; Perrier。(3)对威灵仙C．chinensis Osbeck的5个变种进行了分类;特产日本的C．fujisanensis Hisauti &; Hara与C.chinensis 极为相近,主要区别在于具较大的花,但有时花与C.chinensis的花同样大,由于区别不大,在本文中被 降级作变种处理;与其近缘、具强烈退化花序、特产华东的C．anhweiensis M．C．Chang也随之被处理为 变种。(4)瑞典学者Johnson在最近出版的铁线莲属专著中将特产西印度群岛东部的C．Flukenetii DC． 归并于特产美国东南部的C．catesbyana Pursh;本文不同意他做出的归并,并列出了这两个种的明显区 别特征,确认后者是一个应该得到承认的独立的种。(5)根据墨西哥标本描述的C．acapulcensis Hook． &; Arn．原知分布于中美一带,而其在南美的居群和一小叶多毛的新变种(var．puberula)过去长期间被误 定为其近缘种C．affinis St．Hilaire;这个混乱在本文中得到澄清,同时,本文给出了这二近缘种的区别 特征。(6)Viguier和Perrier两位学者在上世纪四十年代末研究马达加斯加一带的黄花铁线莲组-怀特铁 线莲亚组(sect．Meclatis subsect．Wightianae)植物时做出了不少错误鉴定：(a)将特产马达加斯加的具三 出复叶的C．mauritiana Lam. var．mauritiana,var．coriacea和C．microcuspis Baker,以及具单叶的C．ac- tinostemmatifolia W．T．Wang均鉴定为分布于非洲大陆的C．simensis Fresen., 并将后者作为分布于亚洲和欧洲的C．orientalis L．的亚种处理;(b)将特产马达加斯加具三出复叶的C．laxiflora Baker和具一回羽状复叶的C．ibarensis Baker鉴定为特产印度南部的C．wightiana Wall.,也将后者作为C．orientalis的亚种处理;(c)将特产科摩罗(Comoros)具二回羽状复叶的C．comoresensis W．T. Wang鉴定为C．brachiata Thunb.,也将后者作为C．orientalis L．的亚种处理;(d)将C．ibarensis Baker(具一回羽状复叶和两性花)这一拉丁学名用在了另一特产马达加斯加具2～3回羽状复叶和单性花、应属于单性铁线莲组sect． Aspidanthera的种(C．rutoides W．T．Wang)之上;(e)将另一特产马达加斯加具一回羽状复叶和单性花、 也属于单性铁线莲组的C．edentata Baker(＝C．insidiosa Baill．)降级作为这两位学者曲解的C．ibarensis Baker的亚种处理;(f)将特产马达加斯加的C．dissecta Baker归并到属于茴芹叶铁线莲组(sect． Pseudanemone)的C．pimpindllifolia Hook．中。此次本文第五部分继去年第一、二部分之后对上述混乱情况做出了完全澄清,并给出了分布于马达加斯加及其邻近岛屿的怀特铁线莲亚组8种植物的检索表;由于C．ibarensis Baker的定义被上述两位学者严重误解,本文根据较多具花、果的标本写出了此种完整、正确的形态描述。     

Simultaneous quantification of five triterpenoid saponins in Clematis L. spp. by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection

A simple and accurate method involving high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of five triterpenoid saponin components in Clematis L. spp. for the first time. The analysis was performed on a Zorbax SB-C(18) column and gradient elution with acetonitrile and water with 0.1% formic acid was utilised. All the calibration curves exhibited good linear characteristics with correlation coefficients in the range from 0.9979 to 0.9997. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were less than 0.152 and 0.506 microg, respectively. The overall recoveries for the five analytes were between 91.3 and 99.5%. A total of 10 samples from Clematis L. spp. were analysed under optimised conditions and the chemical profiles provided information for the identification of botanical origin, the development of new medicinal resources and chemotaxonomic investigation.     

植物新药——甘木通的生药鉴别

木文对甘水通的生药结构、药用情况、鉴别点、地理分布及繁殖等进行了报道;同时指出造成混乱的原因及找出混乱种的学名。甘本通为分布于广东和广西两省区的特有种。     

Improvement of anther culture technique: Activated charcoal bound in agar medium in combination with liquid medium and elevated CO2 concentration

Anthers of different species of the genera Anemone, Clematis, Papaver and Nicotiana were cultured by floating on a liquid medium which overlay an agarified charcoal medium . This technique proved to be superior to conventional methods i.e. culture on either solid or liquid media. Cold treatment of Anemone anthers for 7 days after inoculation on the double layer medium gave about the same frequency of embryos per anther as corresponding cultures cold treated before inoculation. An elevation of the CO₂ concentration to 2% stimulated embryogenesis in anther cultures of Anemone canadensis, Anemone vitifolia, Papaver setigerum and Papaver radicatum . Cold treatment of cultures of Anemone canadensis inhibited embryogenesis if the ensuing culture was performed in 2% CO_2. On the other hand, cold treatment was stimulating, with an optimum of about 20 days, if the cultures were maintained in normal air. Chemical analysis of untreated anthers of Anemone canadensis showed the presence of abscisic acid (2.2 × 10⁻⁶ g/g anthers). Cold treatment reduced the concentration of abscisic acid to 0.6 × 10⁻⁶ g/g anthers. By use of assays with Lemna gibba as test organism, activated charcoal was shown to adsorb abscisic acid that was added to the medium. Medium treated with charcoal before inoculation of anthers of Anemone canadensis provided to inhibit embryo production.     

铁线莲属研究随记(Ⅱ)

(1)对铁线链属以下诸种Clematis potaninii Maxim., C．heynei Rau,C．trichotoma Nakai,C．apiculata Hook．f.&; Thoms., C．theobromina Dunn,C．hedysarifolia DC．和C．dissecta Baker的系统位置进行了讨论,提出了新见解;(2)过去一些作者或不承认C．trifida Hook．,C．pimpinellifolia Hook.,C．oligophylla Hook．,和Clematopsis lineariloba Hutch诸种,或进行降级,作为种下分类群处理。本文作者在研究了有关标本之后认为上述4种有明显区别特征,均应成立;(3)对裂叶铁线莲Clematis parviloba Gardn．&; Champ．的5个变种,短毛铁线莲C．puberula Hook．f.&; Thoms．的4个变种和丝铁线莲组sect．Naraveliopsis Hand.-Mazz．的20个种做出新的分类安排;(4)归并了subsect．Potanimianae W．T．Wang,C．heynei M．Johnson,C．petelotii Gagnep．以及其他几个学名;(5)描述了2新亚组,4新系,3新种和3新变种;(6)做出了3个新等级,4个新组合。