牛肝菌类一新种——蔚青华牛肝菌

蔚青华牛肝菌,其盖表有绒毛,柄等粗而细长,具棱纹无网纹,担孢子长短兼存,6–16μm兼之。本种庆祝著名真菌学家蔚青王云章教授,欣逢公百年华诞,其对西南菌学研究和人才培养,屡蒙厚贶,感不胜言,谨以此名,敬寄慕念。     

Morphological and molecular evidence supporting an arbutoid mycorrhizal relationship in the Costa Ricanpáramo

This study examines evidence for a particular arbutoid mycorrhizal interaction in páramo, a high-altitude neotropical ecosystem important in hydrological regulation but poorly known in terms of its fungal communities. Comarostaphylis arbutoides Lindley (Ericaceae) often forms dense thickets in Central American páramo habitats. Based on phylogenetic classification, it has been suggested that C. arbutoides forms arbutoid mycorrhizae with diverse Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes; however, this assumption has not previously been confirmed. Based on field data, we hypothesized an arbutoid mycorrhizal association between C. arbutoides and the recently described bolete Leccinum monticola Halling & G.M. Mueller; in this study, we applied a rigorous approach using anatomical and molecular data to examine evidence for such an association. We examined root samples collected beneath L. monticola basidiomes for mycorrhizal structures, and we also compared rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences between mycorrhizal root tips and leaf or basidiome material of the suspected symbionts. Root cross sections showed a thin hyphal sheath and intracellular hyphal coils typical of arbutoid mycorrhizae. DNA sequence comparisons confirmed the identity of C. arbutoides and L. monticola as the mycorrhizal symbionts. In addition, this paper provides additional evidence for the widespread presence of minisatellite-like inserts in the ITS1 spacer in Leccinum species (including a characterization of the insert in L. monticola) and reports the use of an angiosperm-specific ITS primer pair useful for amplifying plant DNA from mycorrhizal roots without co-amplifying fungal DNA.     

The absolute configuration of the new amino acid 2-amino-4-methyl-hex-5-enoic acid from a new guinea Boletus

The absolute configuration of the 2-amino-4-methyl-hex-5-enoic acid isolated from Boletus was shown to be 2S, 4S, by an unambiguous synthesis of its dihydro derivative from 2S-(?)-2-methylbutan-1-ol.     

Genera Tylopilus,Suillus and Strobilomyces of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,Pakistan

Abstract

A total of four species of mushrooms are reported in this paper. These are Tylopilus shaukatii, Suillus bekhsus, S. shardasus and Strobilomyces reticulates. Their edibility, non-edibility, chemical composition as well as distribution, habitat and taxonomic position are clarified. They belong to families Boletaceae and Ganodermataceae.     

Evolution of mushroom mitochondrial DNA:Suillus and related genera

Summary Mapping studies were performed with 18 cloned probes on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 15 species ofSuillus and four species from three related genera of fleshy pore mushrooms (Boletaceae). WithinSuillus, mtDNAs vary in size from 36 to 121 kb, differ in gene order by only one major rearrangement, and have diverged in nucleotide sequence within the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene region by up to 2.9%. Three additional gene orders exist in related genera. Two of the three can be transformed into the predominantSuillus order by either one or two rearrangements. The fourth requires two to three rearrangements to be converted to any of the others. The minimum estimates of nucleotide divergence within the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene region vary from 8.3% to 11% in comparisons betweenSuillus and these related species. Trees based on restriction-site and size differences within the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes were consistent with the hypothesized sequence of genome rearrangements and provide suggestive evidence for a major expansion of the mitochondrial genome withinSuillus. Structural and sequence changes in mtDNA provided information about phylogenetic relationships within the Boletaceae.     

四川都江堰亚热带针阔混交林中主要晚生型外生菌根真菌类群的空间分布

晚生型外生菌根真菌通常出现在森林演替的后期,是成熟林中的优势外生菌根真菌类群.对四川都江堰一片亚热带针阔混交林中的菌根真菌地上群落进行调查,并应用二元逻辑回归分析对晚生型外生菌根真菌的主要类群,即鹅膏菌科、牛肝菌科和红菇科,与周围(5 m×5 m样方)树种组成的关系进行研究.还应用次级变量分析方法对主要外生菌根真菌类群的空间格局进行了分析.结果表明,非外生菌根树种及某些外生菌根树种对特定类群菌根真菌子实体的出现有抑制作用,而不同类群外生菌根真菌在克隆生长上的差异并不是子实体空间分布的决定因素.我们认为,当研究自然林中外生菌根子实体的空间分布时,除了宿主植物的分布,也应考虑非宿主植物的分布以及菌根真菌相互作用的影响.     

中国绒盖牛肝菌属一新种--叔群绒盖牛肝菌

报道绒盖牛肝菌属一新种--叔群绒盖牛肝菌,提供了英文、拉丁文描述及插图.     

New,noteworthy, and rare species of the genus Boletus in Israel

This paper presents information about Boletus poikilochromus, B. pulchrotinctus, and B. pulverulentus in Israel. These species are reported for the first time in Israel, and also B. pulchrotinctus and B. poikilochromus are reported for the first time in Asia. Furthermore, these three species are reported for the first time in association with Quercus calliprinos. Macro- and microscopical characteristics, distribution, ecology, and illustrations related to morphology and anatomy of the species are provided.     

四川都江堰亚热带针阔混交林中主要晚生型外生菌根真菌类群的空间分布

晚生型外生菌根真菌通常出现在森林演替的后期,是成熟林中的优势外生菌根真菌类群。对四川都江堰一片亚热带针阔混交林中的菌根真菌地上群落进行调查,并应用二元逻辑回归分析对晚生型外生菌根真菌的主要类群,即鹅膏菌科、牛肝菌科和红菇科,与周围(5m×5m样方)树种组成的关系进行研究。还应用次级变量分析方法对主要外生菌根真菌类群的空间格局进行了分析。结果表明,非外生菌根树种及某些外生菌根树种对特定类群菌根真菌子实体的出现有抑制作用,而不同类群外生菌根真菌在克隆生长上的差异并不是子实体空间分布的决定因素。我们认为,当研究自然林中外生菌根子实体的空间分布时,除了宿主植物的分布,也应考虑非宿主植物的分布以及菌根真菌相互作用的影响。     

Bolevenine, a toxic protein from the Japanese toadstool Boletus venenatus

A toxic protein, called bolevenine, was isolated from the toxic mushroom Boletus venenatus based on its lethal effects on mice. On SDS-PAGE, in either the presence or absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, this protein showed a single band of approximately 12 kDa. In contrast, based on gel filtration and MALDI-TOFMS, its relative molecular mass was estimated to be approximately 30 kDa and approximately 33 kDa, respectively, indicating that the protein consists of three identical subunits. This toxin exhibited its lethal activity following injection at 10mg/kg into mice. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined up to 18, and found to be similar to the previously reported bolesatine, a toxic compound isolated from Boletus satanas.