三突起类花粉形态学及其度量和描述

三突起类(Triprojectacites Mtchedlishvili,1961 emend. Stanley,1970)是晚白垩世—古新世北半球广泛分布的一类被子植物花粉,具有重要的孢粉植物分区和地层意义。其主要特征是发育突出于体的突起和其末端的沟状萌发器。由于形态复杂多变,该类花粉在度量和描述中存在不少难点,缺少明确而统一的标准,制约了其分类的进展。本文根据对松辽盆地白垩系三突起类标本的萌发器、极性、突起形态和纹饰等分类性状的观察,结合对前人在三突起类描述、分类中存在问题的剖析,提出了一套形态学术语、度量方法和参数。它们不仅能有效避免各种误差、准确反映和描述三突起类花粉的形态特征,而且还适用于不同位置保存的标本,有助于建立这些标本之间的联系,为三突起类花粉分类系统提供了科学合理的形态学度量和描述基础。     

The Cretaceous and Tertiary Aquilapolles in China

The Aquilapolles are found in Northeast and Eastern part of China. 183 speices are selected from the world. These 183 speices include Aquilapollenites, Mancicorpus, Fibulapollis and Translucentipollis. It is showed that they appeared from Albian of Early Cretaceous to Early Oligocene(?) of Tertiary. They mainly appeared in Senonian. The Aquilapolles are the most flourishing in Cretaceous during Maestrichtian. Tile six speices of which appeared in Tertiary. They are Aquilapollenites granobaculus, A. punctatus, A. quadrilobus, A. spinulosus, Funk., A. spinulosus (Mtched.) n. corab. and Fibulapollis mirificus. There are two phytogeoprovinces of the sporo-pollen in the Northern Hemisphere during Late Cretaceous. One is "Aquilapolles District "-moist subtropical climatic, Circum-Pacific and Siberia. Another is “Normapolles District”-arid (or semiarid) sub- tropical climatic, Circum-Atlantic, Europ and India. The author related the process to form the two phytogeopovinees by distribution of continent and sea in that time. In one country, Tertiary Aquilapollenites is wider than Late Cretaceous Aquilapollenites in palaeogeographic range. The Tertiary speices of Aquilapollenites are Aquila-pollenites spinulosus Funk. and A. granobaculus Song in China. Their kinds, amount and distribution fully show an evidence of relict member. They are relict Aquilapollenires and are not recycled fossils .from Upper Cretaceous strata. On Aquilapollenites, the respective characters of the growth and distribution of each Tertiary Epochs are indicated. The author also explores the relations between the growth, distribution and evolution of paleoenvironment in this paper.     

Dormancy breaking effects of chilling and altitude on male flowers of Cryptomeria japonica

In order to establish precise airborne pollen forecast, these studies were conducted to clarify the dormancy-breaking effects and altitude on male flowers of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. Twigs with male flowers were collected from ten C. japonica trees growing on altitudes of 10 m, 200 m, 400 m and 700 m every 10 days between the end of October and early February. Five sets of male flowers from each of these altitudes were prepared for examination. One set was incubated at 10°C and the others were chilled for periods varying from 10 to 40 days at 0°C, and then incubated at 10°C. Chilling was found to release the dormancy of the male flowers, and the effectiveness of the treatment was positively correlated with its duration. Furthermore, the dormancy of the male flowers was also released earlier when the C. japonica was growing at high sites, presumably because they were subjected to lower temperatures than those at lower altitudes. Long chilling periods promote the release of dormancy. Knowledge of dormancy better enables the prediction of C. japonica pollen dispersal day.