一株能分解纤维素放线菌的固态发酵研究

对一株从食草动物的粪便中分离出来的放线菌菌株(XW5),以秸杆粉和麸皮为底物,进行固态发酵,并提取纤维素酶粗酶。采用DNS法,进行酶活测定,研究发现该菌株的固态发酵酶活为4-7u/mg。并对酶活的影响因子、pH、温度以及金属离子等的影响进行了探讨,同时发现该酶为碱性纤维素酶。     

一株放线菌代谢产物除草活性的初步研究

从土壤中分离筛选出1株编号为Z40的链霉菌菌株,其代谢产物具有明显的除草活性。室内生物测定结果表明,Z40菌株发酵液干物质的除草活性主要表现为抑制生长作用。对反枝苋的主根和主茎生长抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为276.76 mg/L和1 609.37 mg/L,对狗尾草的主根和主茎生长抑制中浓度分别为501.81mg/L和629.01 mg/L。浓度为10 000 mg/L对油菜的萌发抑制率和主茎生长抑制率均为100.00%,而对小麦的生长发育没有明显影响。田间试验结果表明,Z40菌株代谢产物对稗、狗尾草、铁苋菜的防治效果均在80%以上,抑制率分别为80.30%,81.59%和88.71%。     

木素过氧化物酶的研究进展

木素过氧化物酶是一种能降解木素,由微生物分泌的胞外酶,广泛应用于生物制浆、纸浆的酶法漂白、有机污染物的降解和环境的生物修复等方面.介绍了木素过氧化物酶的来源、结构与性质、催化机理以及基因工程方面的研究成果,并对其可能带来的工业应用前景以及今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

土壤放线菌FX05发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化

以高氏1号培养基为基础,通过单因素分析和正交试验,对土壤放线菌FX05最佳培养基扣最优培养条件进行了研究。结果表明：适宜FX05产抑绿脓杆菌活性物质的发酵培养基配方为玉米粉1％、NaNO30．3％、K2HPO40．075％、MgS040．075％,发酵条件为初始pH为7．0,培养温度为28℃,培养96h产抑菌物质迭最大值。     

一株降解纤维素放线菌的分类研究

从高温稻草堆肥中分离到1株能降解纤维素的放线菌CN9,分别对其表型特征、化学特征和16SrRNA基因序列进行了分析,根据实验结果,CN9属于高温链霉菌。     

传统中药影响黏性放线菌对唾液获得性膜黏附的研究

目的：研究不同传统中药提取物对黏性放线菌在唾液获得性膜黏附的影响,进一步探讨中药防龋的可能机制。方法：采用唾液包被羟磷灰石（S－HA）形成实验性获得性膜的体外模式,以黏性放线菌作为实验菌株,用不同的药物提取物分别处理S－HA和菌细胞,观察细菌对SHA的黏附情况。结果：两组实验中三七均能抑制菌细胞对SHA的黏附,且随药物浓度的升高而逐渐增强。结论：三七等传统中药能有效抑制黏性放线菌对唾液获得性膜的早期黏附。     

A study of nodulation and nitrogen fixation of alder on the purplish soils in China

Summary The alder has a perennial nodule cluster. The nodule amount on the roots increases with tree age. The N₂-fixing activity of nodules decreases with nodule age. Purple coloured soils with various soil pHs and CaCO₃ contents are, in the main, the ones which influence nodulation and N₂-fixing. Higher N₂-fixing capacity existed in the neutral and low calcium soils. High calcium soils and acid soils can restrain nodulation and the N₂-fixing rate significantly. On the slope, where calcarous light loams are found, the annual nitrogen fixation capacity of alder and cypress mixed plantations, less than 10 years old, is 16 or 17 kg/ha yr, but in the valley, a pure alder plantation can reach 40 kg/ha yr.     

Evolutionary origin of aminoglycoside phosphotransferase resistance genes

Summary The protein sequences of seven 3-aminoglycoside phosphotransferases falling into the six identified types and three 6-aminoglycoside phosphotransferases were analyzed to give a rooted phylogenetic tree. This tree supports the origin of these groups of enzymes in an ancestor closely related to the actinomycetes, and that horizontal transfer of the resistance genes occurred, possibly via transposons. The implications for genetic engineering of a novel antibiotic are discussed.     

Effects of oxygen on the growth and metabolism of Actinomyces viscosus

Abstract Actinomyces viscosus is a predominant microorganism in dental plaque. It is, just as the oral Streptococcus spp., a saccharolytic and aero-tolerant organism. We have investigated the effects of oxygen on the growth and metabolism of A. viscosus . To this end A. viscosus Ut 2 was grown in a glucose limited chemostat culture on a chemically defined medium ( D = 0.2 h⁻¹) with exposure to variable amounts of oxygen. The Y_glucose increased from 62.5 g · mol⁻¹ under anaerobic conditions to 149 g · mol⁻¹ under aerobic conditions, while, concomitantly, the carbon recovery from acidic fermentation products decreased from 75% to 7%. Addition of [¹⁴C]glucose to the chemostat showed that the glucose, which was not converted to acidic fermentation products, was instead converted to carbon dioxide or used for the production of biomass. Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions identical cytochrome spectra, containing only two cytochrome b -type absorption bands, were found. It was concluded that electron transport phosphorylation probably occurs both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Anaerobically, fumarate served as the electron acceptor, while the high growth yields observed under aerobic conditions are likely to be explained by citric acid cycle activity coupled to electron transport phosphorylation.     

2株产纤维素酶放线菌的筛选及分类鉴定

从海南热带生境中采集样品14份,以CMC-Na为唯一碳源的培养基,筛选获得纤维素酶活性较高的放线菌DA08506和DA08602,CMC酶活力分别为276.642U/mL、773.982U/mL,FPA酶活力分别为82.638U/mL、325.674U/mL。通过多相分类,初步鉴定菌株DA08506可能是Streoptomyces的一个新种;菌株DA08602鉴定为Streptomyces chartreusis。