香豆子生态生物学特性及其栽培（上）

香豆子(Trigonella foenum—graecum)为我国很有前途的一种半乳甘露聚糖胶资源。本文报导了香豆子在我国各地生长发育特点及其相应的栽培技术,发现长日照地区可以缩短它的生育期。其单位面积产量与精耕细作有关。     

香辛药中有牛至

唇形科牛至属(Origanum)植物,又俗称马郁兰、牛膝草,草本或亚灌木,有20种左右。常见种类有牛至(O.vulgare)、甘牛至(O.marjorana)、西班牙啤酒花(O.creficum)、白鲜状牛至(O.dic-tamnus)和盆牛至(O.onites)。 牛至属植物主要分布于欧洲地中海沿岸国家至     

Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

微生物菌剂对楸树幼苗生长及根际土细菌群落结构的影响

为探究球毛壳ND35微生物菌剂对楸树幼苗生长及土壤肥力的作用机制，本研究楸树幼苗为研究对象，采用室内盆栽试验，设计0（CK），10（T1），15（T2），20（T3）4种微生物菌剂施用量，测定幼苗生长情况、土壤微生物组成结构、土壤酶和土壤养分等特征。研究结果如下：（1）球毛壳ND35微生物菌剂可显著促进楸树幼苗的生长，株高、地径、地上及地下生物量显著提高（P<0.05），T2处理下促生效果最好。（2）施用球毛壳ND35微生物菌剂可显著提高土壤中有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮含量及脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性（P<0.05）。（3）球毛壳ND35微生物菌剂可显著影响土壤细菌群落组成，提高细菌群落的丰富度和多样性，使土壤中β-变形菌纲（Betaproteobacteria）、γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）的相对丰度显著下降，α-变形菌纲（Alphaproteobacteria）、δ-变形菌纲（Deltaproteobacteria）的相对丰度呈显著提高，可使土壤中鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）的相对丰度显著提高21.88%-103.56%（P<0.05），芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）的相对丰度提高66.28%-65.97%（P<0.05），酸杆菌属（Acidibacter）的相对丰度提高12.76%-38.06%。（4）冗余分析（RDA）结果表明，土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、有机质是影响土壤细菌群落分布和多样性的重要环境因子，土壤细菌群落结构的改变会显著影响土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性。因此，施用球毛壳ND35微生物菌剂可通过影响植物根际土壤的化学性质及生物性质，促进楸树幼苗的生长。这一研究结果为楸树繁育提供了新的指导方向，亦为将其用于困难立地及退化生态系统植被恢复提供基础理论指导。     

根田鼠下丘脑乙酰胆碱含量的昼夜节律及低氧对其产生的影响

根田鼠下丘脑乙酰胆碱含量的昼夜节律及低氧对其产生的影响＠熊忠＠杜继曾￥中国科学院西北高原生物研究所根田鼠，乙酰胆碱，昼夜节律，低氧根田鼠下丘脑乙酰胆碱含量的昼夜节律及低氧对其产生的影响ＴＨＥＣＩＲＣＡＤＩＡＮＴＨＹＴＨＭＯＦＨＹＰＯＴＨＡＬＡＭＩＣＡＣＥＴ...