Effect of Hillslope Gradient on Vegetation Recovery on Abandoned Land of Shifting Cultivation in Hainan Island, South China

In the present study, we investigated the effect of hillslope gradient on vegetation recovery on abandoned land of shifting cultivation In Hainan Island, south China, by measuring community composition and structure of 25-year-old secondary forest fallows along a hillslope gradient （up-, middle-, and down-slope position）. A total of 49 733 free-standing woody plant stems higher than 10 cm and belonging to 170 species, 112 genera, and 57 families was found in the three l-hm2 investigation plots. Stem density was highest in the down-slope stand and lowest in the up-slope stand. Species richness and the Shannon-Wiener Index were both highest in the middle-slope stand, and lower In the down-slope and up-slope stands. The recovery forest fallows on different hiUslope positions were all dominated by a few species. The five most abundant species accounted for 70.1%, 58.8%, and 72.9% of total stem densities in stands in the up-, middle-, and down-slope positions, respectively. The five species with the greatest basal areas accounted for 74.5%, 84.3%, and 74.7% of total stem basal area for the up-, middle-, and down-slope positions, respectively. The number of low-density species （stem abundance less than five） Increased from the up-slope position downward. Of the nine local common species among three different functional groups, the short-lived pioneer species dominated the up-slope position, but long-lived pioneer species dominated the middle- and down-slope positions. The climax species of primary tropical lowland rain forest was found in the downslope position. Both the mean diameter at breast height （DBH） and mean height of the trees Increased with decreasing hillslope gradient. The stem density and basal area in different size classes were significantly different in stands In different slope positions. Our results indicated that the rate of secondary succession varies, even over small spatial scales caused by the hlllslope gradient, in early vegetation recovery.     

农田-荒地边缘地带中蝗虫边缘反应分析

探讨了中华蚱蜢等10种蝗总科昆虫对农田－荒地的边缘反应。研究发现,就同一边缘而言,有些物种的多度在靠近边缘时上升,而有些物种则下降。从科的水平上分析的结果与物种水平上的分析有差异。为了更精确地了解边缘对蝗虫的分布格局的影响,从物种水平上对其进行分析是 很有必要的。     

乌桕的地理分布和环境的关系

<正> 乌柏是我国重要的油料树种,其种子既含油又含脂,油脂含量高达40％以上。乌柏油脂广泛用于制皂及生产硬脂酸和油漆中。虽然我国的乌柏栽培历史悠久,产区辽阔,但现有柏林不到1,000万亩,且经营粗放。至今全国柏油总产只有3万余吨,未达到历史最高产量水平,还不能满足工业发展的需要。因此,目前我国南方不少省、区正在利用荒山荒地发展乌柏生产,北方一些地方也拟进行引种试种。     

基于能值分析的广东省生态经济系统综合研究

运用能值理论与分析方法,从自然子系统、社会子系统、经济子系统3个侧面,系统与子系统2个层面,对广东省生态经济系统1990年以来的发展态势进行了定量分析.结果表明,广东省属于高度发展地区,系统高度依赖于反馈能值的投入,虽然污染治理卓有成效,但并未从整体上解决环境压力不断增大的矛盾,区域自身可持续发展能力低.广东省对于国际市场的信赖性日益提高,但在大量资源型产品出口和高技术产品进口的不等价交换中处于实际的亏损地位.依靠科技,提高产出品附加值,发挥落后地区自然和人力资源优势,以及发达地区的经济拉动力,是全面提高区域可持续发展能力的关键.