皮纹学分析对两组三胞胎卵性诊断的研究

本文以皮纹学指标分析了两组三胞胎的卵性诊断问题。结果表明,指纹类型的差异性,同卵为15％,异卵为60％,十指纹型双手对应性差异,同卵为20％,异卵在55％以上。三胞胎不论同卵还是异卵,比起双胞胎的同卵或异卵,皮纹参数的差异要大一些。     

甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒在宿主种群中的垂直传播研究

以两种浓度的病毒液感染甜菜夜蛾4龄、5龄幼虫,以研究甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒从亲代到子代垂直传递的方式和效率。实验结果表明,该病毒可通过母体介导(卵内、卵表)和父体介导等3种方式传递给子代,造成子代感染。幼虫经口感染后母体介导传递实验表明,病毒垂直传播可引起20%～48%的子代幼虫病死,并能使子代成虫产卵量下降;母体介导传播实验中,以5%福尔马林进行卵表面消毒证实仍有18.8%的幼虫感染病毒死亡,表明了该病毒可经卵内传播,并同时存在着附卵传播;母体介导传递实验还表明病毒对宿主有弱化作用,亲代免于病死的蛹重量减轻,羽化所得雌成虫的产卵量下降,产卵期延长。以交互配对将感染与未感染的雌雄成虫彼此交配,表明雄成虫精子也能垂直传递病毒(父体介导),引起20％～40%子代幼虫感病死亡。成虫经口感染,对所产卵块表面消毒后,仍导致28.6%的子代幼虫死于病毒感染,也表明存在卵内传播。     

金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙的两性异形与生育力

比较金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙的两性异形和生育力,首次通过种间比较来验证生育力选择理论是否能解释两栖动物两性异形的进化。金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙均为雌体大于雄体的两性异形类型,其两性异形程度存在显著差异,金线侧褶蛙两性异形程度指数为0 .30 ,而泽陆蛙仅为0 .0 8。然而,两者的怀卵量无显著差异。因此,结果与生育力选择理论预测不一致。此种不一致性可能由下述原因导致:选择压力作用于雄体而非雌体、能量分配策略和死亡率的种间差异、以及系统发育历史的种间差异。金线侧褶蛙和泽陆蛙雄体的身体状态指数显著高于雌体。金线侧褶蛙的头,眼和四肢都显著大于泽陆蛙;两者雌体的前后肢长度显著大于雄体。两性金线侧褶蛙的前后肢随体长呈同速生长,而泽陆蛙的前后肢随体长呈异速生长     

沙棘木蠹蛾卵和幼虫空间分布的地统计学分析

沙棘木蠹蛾(H olcocerushippophaecolus Hua,Chou ,Fang et Chen)是近几年在内蒙古、辽宁、山西、宁夏和陕西等地大面积爆发的一种钻蛀性害虫,其危害发生在幼虫期,主要危害沙棘(H ippophae rhamnoidea)的根干部。为了有效地控制其危害,深入了解种群的空间结构,利用地统计学方法分析了两种受害程度不同的林分内沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫种群和重度受害林分内卵块的空间分布特性。结果表明:两种受害程度不同的林分内,沙棘木蠹蛾的危害具有显著差异,轻度受害林分内无虫样本所占的比例较大,达70 % ,而重度受害林分内不到2 0 % ;虫口密度在轻度受害林分内超过6头/株的只有6 .9% ,而重度受害林分内高达31.9%。根据全方向的变异函数曲线图分析得知:重度受害林分和轻度受害林分内幼虫种群的空间依赖范围分别为7.3m和87.4 18m,而局部空间连续性强度分别为0 .914和0 .178。重度受害林分内幼虫表现较强的空间聚集性,而轻度受害林分则表现为随机分布。在重度受害林分中,单株沙棘树上沙棘木蠹蛾卵块数量最多的为11个,最少的为1个,有卵株率达72 %。分别采用四种不同的理论模型来拟合卵块的实际变异曲线图,得知其全方向的变异函数曲线为指数型,空间依赖范围大小为3.6 m,局部空间连续性强度为0 .876 ,卵块在重度受害林分中呈现较强     

高速逆流双水相色谱法纯化卵白蛋白

生物大分子的液_固色谱纯化过程中固相载体会产生产物吸附、变性等不良影响。高速逆流色谱无需固相载体 ,且具有高分便率和高回收率的优点 ,其中有机相 水相体系在分离天然产物中应用广泛 ,而应用双水相体系分离生物大分子尚处于研究阶段。双水相高速逆流色谱体系的建立与仪器设备及操作工艺条件密切相关 ,因此利用多分离柱高速逆流色谱仪 ,研究了PEG1000-无机盐双水相体系对标准蛋白质混合物以及卵白蛋白的分离。pH值和PEG浓度对不同种类蛋白质的分配系数影响不同 ,实验发现在pH9.2的150% (W/W)PEG1000 170% (W/W)磷酸钾盐体系中 ,细胞色素C、溶菌酶和肌红蛋白的分配系数差异较大 ,且分布合理 ,因而采用该体系在 0 8mL min流速 ,85 0r min转速的条件下 ,成功分离了细胞色素C、溶菌酶和肌红蛋白的混合物。实验也发现在pH9 2的 16 0 % (W/W)PEG10 0 0 17 0 % (W/W)磷酸钾盐体系中 ,鸡蛋清样品中的主要蛋白质成分:卵转铁蛋白、卵白蛋白和溶菌酶的分配系数差异最大 ,因而采用该体系在 1 8mL min流速、85 0r mi转速的条件下,200min内从鸡蛋清样品中成功分离卵白蛋白,其电泳纯度为100%,收率为95%.     

维生素B12对萼花臂尾轮虫种群的影响

温度为15℃时,添加20,40,80和100μg/mL维生素B12后,萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionuscalyciflorus)种群密度随时间增加而增长,其回归方程依次为:y=e(0.1757 0.2974x),y=4.6765x1.2079,y=7.7798x1.0175和y=e(0.6117 0.3469x),密度显著高于对照组(t=4.56,8.15,8.53和9.86;P<0.01)。对照组和添加组最大混交雌体百分率依次为57.69,76.09,73.81,60.00和45.15%,最大卵雌比依次为0.53,0.73,0.62,0.50和0.70:25℃时,密度和时间的显著正相关分别为y=8.5477x1.4366,y=7.7461x1.6533,y=6.3611x1.7790和y=9.064x1.6872,对照为y=7.5902x1.50192。各添加组的密度均显著高于对照组(t值分别为16.12,10.17,5.83和5.86;P<0.01)。最大混交比率分别为11.00%,5.56%,12.50%和6.03%,对照组为13.40%。最大卵雌比分别达到1.86,2.00,0.73和1.81,对照组为1.31;30℃时,密度和时间的显著关系分别为y=e(0.1376 0.4395x),y=e(0.2032 0.4856x),y=3.4615x1.9522和y=e(0.0220 0.48074x)。对照组除了和20ng/mL组间没有统计差异外(t=0.34,P>0.05),其他各实验组密度显著高出对照组(t值分别为3.66,10.23和2.13)。最高混交率分别为18.18%,7.60%,18.18%和16.67%,对照为66.70%。最大卵雌比依次为0.70,1.90,0.91,1.09,对照组为0.95。     

Naturally occurring Trichogramma species in olive farms in Egypt

A survey of two-year studies (2001-2003) was carried out in two olive groves sited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg E1-Arab farm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic Trichogramma species on olive moth (Prays oleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a more practical and effective tool for collecting Trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Four naturally occurring Trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olive groves, where releases have never been conducted. T.bourarachae was collected exclusively from Burg El-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species, namely T. cordubensis, T. nr.pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. All of these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even at unfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occur naturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels.The excessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) are some factors that affect the performance of Trichogramma wasps in olive farms.The presence of warm weather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or swains which may be appropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is required to determine the best “habitat-specific” species/strains of Trichogramma for augmentative release of naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs. Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather and insecticides.The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred and emerged parasitoids were listed.     

M-PCR： a powerful method for rapid molecular identification of Trichogramma wasps （Hymenoptera： Trichogrammatidae）

Two species-specific primers were designed depending on ITS2 sequence variation of 37 Trichogramma wasps, and these primers were applied to establish an assay,multiplex PCR (M-PCR), for molecular diagnosis of two important Trichogramma wasps,T. confusum and T. dendrolimi, in China. Multiplex-PCR results showed that only target species produced two PCR products, one product of ITS2 region species-specific amplification and one product of its ITS 1 region universal amplification, but other species produced only one ITS1 universal PCR product. Using this method, the target Trichogramma species can be distinguished from other Trichogramma species. Molecular identification based on M-PCR has particular value over morphological technology and other approaches, such as normal molecular and biochemical methods. Furthermore, because M-PCR assay can avoid false negative results, which frequently happen in PCR reaction, this method will be much more accurate and useful for Trichogramma identification, and can be developed as an easy and rapid diagnostic kit applied in the identification and quality monitoring of Trichogramma mass products both in the factory and in the field. Such an easy and rapid diagnostic kit will be valuable in the application of Trichogramma species as a biological control.