山西育出优良草品种

<正>由山西农业大学草地研究所所长赵祥教授主持培育的"晋农1号达乌里胡枝子"优良草品种,日前正式通过全国草品种审定委员会审定,并开始在我国适应区域推广种植。该品种的问世,为我国华北地区和黄土高原草地改良及生态建设提供了优良草种资源。     

FoxA转录因子在肝脏发育中的研究进展

FoxA蛋白是一类DNA结合区具有翼状螺旋结构的转录因子,已发现其三名成员FoxAl、FoxA2和FoxA3在哺乳动物胚胎期的器官形成、成体时期的新陈代谢和内环境稳定中起着重要作用。肝脏发育FoxA亚家族成员起着关键调控作用,在肝向命运决定中扮演“先锋因子”的角色。该文对FoxA转录因子在肝脏发育中的调控作用进行了小结,综述了近年来的最新研究成果。     

岩溶石漠化治理优良先锋植物种类光合、蒸腾及水分利用效率的初步研究

针对西南岩溶石漠化地区干旱缺水的特点,采用Li-6400对其先锋树种任豆、金银花、狗骨木的光合、蒸腾及水分利用效率等特征进行分析,以揭示先锋树种利用水分生理生态学特征,从而提出植被恢复的对策。光响应模拟结果表明金银花和狗骨木符合Walker的非直线双曲线模型。蒸腾临界值狗骨木(幼树期)最小,金银花次之,任豆树较大,说明阳性树种任豆具有较大的蒸腾拉力,能够从土壤提取更多的水分,以减少岩溶石漠化地区强光引起的高温灼伤。任豆树、金银花、狗骨木具有同地带干性或沙漠优势植物的光合速率特征。任豆树有较耐受强光的能力,这与其在石漠化地区总是能够成为优势层片优势种的地位相符。三种植物光有效辐射与叶片蒸腾的呈极显著的线性关系;任豆树的蒸腾作用受气孔调节明显;狗骨木有较高的水分利用效率。上午9点左右和下午5∶00~6∶00是这些石漠化地区植物水分利用最高时间段。可以说这三种植物具有适应石漠化地区干旱和高温的生理生态学适应特征和避旱避高温策略,并保持旺盛的生物生产力。从植物固定碳水化合物效率并提高水分利用效率而言,三种植物套种,任豆树能够对藤灌植物适当遮荫,对加速狗骨木生长,提高金银花的产量将具有较好的效益。     

EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON SEED GERMINATION OF FICUS HISPIDA IN XISHUANGBANNA, SOUTHWEST CHINA

 该研究应用人工气候箱设置不同的光照和温度梯度, 探讨对对叶榕(Ficus hispida)种子萌发的影响。结果表明, 荧光灯条件下(红光和远红光比例(R/FR)为4.56, 光量子密度(PPFD)约为90 μmol&;#8226;m^–2&;#8226;s^–1), 温度对种子萌发速率有显著影响, 而对最终萌发率的影响不显著。对叶榕的种子为光敏性种子, 萌发严格需光, R/FR对种子最终萌发率的影响显著, 较高的R/FR促进种子萌发, 而较低的 R/FR 抑制种子萌发。光强影响种子的萌发速率, 较弱的光照可以延缓种子萌发, 但并不能完全抑制其萌发。在30 ℃条件下, 对叶榕的种子可以在较高的 R/FR (0.42) 水平下萌发, 但温度为23/20 ℃ 时, 种子对 R/FR 的要求增高, 0.42的R/FR不能导致种子萌发。说明较低的温度和 R/FR 都可以显著抑制对叶榕的种子萌发, 而较高的温度和R/FR皆有利于种子的萌发。     

三种结缕草试管无性繁殖

1 植物名称马尼拉草(Zoysia matrella),结缕草(Z. japonica)和中华结缕草(Z. sinica)。 2 材料类别匍匐茎和种子。 3 培养条件诱导愈伤组织培养基为(1)MS+2.4-D 1.0～5.0 mg/L(单位下同);愈伤组织分化及增殖培养基为(2)MS+BA 2.0+IBA 0.2;嫩梢增殖培养基为(3)MS+BA(KT,ZT)1～2+IBA 0～0.2;生根培养基为(1)1/2 MS+IBA 0.5十NAA 0.5或1/2MS+IBA0.25+NAA 0.25。培养基含蔗糖3％(生根时2％),琼脂0.6％。pH 5.8,培养温度25±2C,     

Key characteristics for facilitating Leucaena leucocephala to successfully invade pioneer communities of tropical rain forests

Aims Due to fast-growing and high drought stress tolerance, Leucaena leucocephala has been widely used for afforestation in degraded tropical forests worldwide, but it is also a global invasive exotic species. Studies have shown that fast-growing can help L. leucocephala successfully invade subtropical forests. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fast-growing and high drought stress tolerance can help L. leucocephala invade tropical rain forests.Methods The pioneer community of tropical rain forest which had been invaded by L. leucocephala in the Baopoling Mountain, Sanya, China was the research object. Through the t-test, we compared the differences in key functional traits that were related to growth rate (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate) and drought stress tolerance (leaf turgor loss point) in both wet and dry seasons between L. leucocephala and eight dominant native species of pioneer community of tropical rain forest. And the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate whether these functional traits can best discriminate between Leucaena leucocephala and the eight dominant native species.Important findings Leucaena leucocephala could be invariably growing fast (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate much higher than native species) from wet to dry seasons and had higher drought stress tolerance (leaf turgor loss point much lower than native species) in the dry season. The results of PCA showed that these functional traits could significantly discriminate between L. leucocephala and the eight dominant native species. Therefore, invariable fast-growing from wet to dry season and high drought stress tolerance in the dry season make L. leucocephala successfully invade pioneer communities of tropical rain forests. In the future, these functional traits can be used to select many native species to perform biological control of L. leucocephala in other tropical forests.     

闽南地区常用草坪草种及建坪养管技术

概述闽南地区5种常用草坪草种(沟叶结缕草、细叶结缕草、狗牙根、假俭草和地毯草)的生长特性、用途及应用前景。并针对生产上存在的草种品种单一、植前基础处理粗放及重种植轻养管等问题,提出草坪建植(铺植、散植和播种法)及植后的养护管理技术。