汉江中游流域宜城地区黏虫成虫世代特点分析

黏虫Mythimna separata是为害禾本科作物的重大迁飞性害虫。汉江中游流域是湖北小麦等作物的主产区,也是黏虫的常年发生地。2012年至2017年,连续6年在汉江中游湖北省宜城市利用糖醋液、频振式杀虫灯调查了黏虫成虫种群动态。结果表明:宜城地区黏虫成虫可分为4代:越冬代及1代至3代。越冬代成虫峰期出现在2月中下旬至3月底,其中最早始见期为2017年2月14日,最晚为2015年3月10日。1代成虫峰期为5月中旬至6月底,且1代为黏虫累积虫量最多的世代,7月至10月的2代、3代黏虫成虫数量稀少,没有明显的成虫峰期,但2017年7月底至8月初出现较明显2代成虫峰期。汉江中游流域宜城地区属于1代黏虫多发区;1月份温度不足以影响此地黏虫越冬,此地可能为黏虫常年越冬地;在田间变温环境下,夏季高温对宜城黏虫成虫种群无显著抑制作用;黏虫在宜城越冬代及1代成虫量是全国黏虫发生量的重要预警指标。     

The relationship between the reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate induced by defoliator and the growth and mortality of trees

Large scale herbivorous insect outbreaks can cause death of regional forests, and the events are expected to be exacerbated with climate change. Mortality of forest and woodland plants would cause a series of serious consequences, such as decrease in vegetation production, shifts in ecosystem structure and function, and transformation of forest function from a net carbon sink into a net carbon source. There is thus a need to better understand the impact of insects on trees. Defoliation by insect pests mainly reduces photosynthesis (source decrease) and increases carbon consumption (sink increase), and hence causes reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). When the reduction in NSC reaches to a certain level, trees would die of carbon starvation. External environment and internal compensatory mechanisms can also positively or negatively influence the process of tree death. At present, the research of carbon starvation is a hotspot because the increase of tree mortality globally with climate change, and carbon starvation is considered as one of the dominating physiological mechanisms for explaining tree death. In this study, we reviewed the definition of carbon starvation, and the relationships between the reduction of NSC induced by defoliation and the growth and death of trees, and the relationships among insect outbreaks, leaf loss and climate change. We also presented the potential directions of future studies on insect-caused defoliation and tree mortality.     

实验小鼠种群管理（英文）

2009年11月份在西安举行由中国实验动物学会发起的实验动物医药技术培训研讨会上,本人做了关于实验小鼠种群管理的演讲。其主题涵盖了小鼠繁殖性能的维护和基因工程种群的管理。本篇文章的目的在于强调其所涵盖的材料并为进一步研究提供参考。如若对本文所讨论的内容希望有更深刻的理解,这篇文章所引用的参考资料值得进一步的阅读。另外本文未涉及远交系小鼠的繁殖培育和基因管理,但如有需要可以联系本文作者,可推荐需阅读的材料清单。     

撰稿指南

<正>题目简洁明了,突出文章创新之处,一般不超过20个字。应该是所研究的主题以及具体方面,用尽可能少的字句准确清楚地描述文章的内容。摘要必须写清楚研究目的、材料与方法、主要结果、结论和科学意义,特别明确地提出研究的主要发现或认识。综述类文章的摘要需要清楚阐明综述的目的、主要的进展、存在的问题及未来的研究方向。中文简洁正式,英文可适当扩展,但以一个印刷版面为限。关键词5-8个,选择能准确反映文章的主要内容,能引起读者的兴趣,并被业界公认的专业词汇作为关键词,以使文章能被准确检索。引言阐述为什么要进行此项研究。基于前人的研究结     

Natural Selection on Human Y Chromosomes简

In the field of anthropology, the uniparerttally inherited Y chromosome has long been used to trace the paternal lineage of the populations and to understand differences in migration and population genetics between males and females, with additional advantages of small effective population size, suf- ficient markers, and population-specific haplotype distribution （Jobling and Tyler-Smith, 1995; Jin and Su, 2000; Underhill et al., 2000）. Many such population studies have rested on the assumption that all the Y chromosome markers in the non- recombination regions are selectively neutral （Jobling and Tyler-Smith, 2003）.     

中国孑遗红树植物水椰的资源现状与种群特征

水椰属棕榈科真红树植物，也是孑遗植物，被列为国家二级重点保护植物。中国水椰仅天然分布于海南岛。为探讨其濒危现状和保护策略，本研究采用样方法对水椰群落进行调查，并分析其地理分布、群落特征、种群结构及其空间分布。结果表明：(1)中国水椰共有6个自然种群，总面积为3.96 hm²,种群数量为9319棵，自然分布于海口东寨港的野菠萝岛和道学村、文昌的玉阳公园和头苑村、琼海长坡镇文场村、万宁日月湾，并且仅在日月湾有小面积成片分布，其他种群均为零星分布。(2)水椰样地内共有28种红树植物，形成以水椰+海莲+桐花树、水椰+海莲等为优势种的红树林群落。(3)海口、琼海、万宁水椰的种群结构均为衰退型，而文昌水椰种群为增长型，并且各种群分布格局都为聚集分布。(4)宏观尺度的极端气候变化、过度砍伐与开发利用、小尺度上的个体自身繁殖受限是水椰种群濒危的三大原因。建议通过增加科研技术投入解决种源问题、加大生境修复与就地保护力度、优化迁地保护与野外回归策略等措施扩大其种群数量。