基于指标自动筛选的新疆开孔河流域生态健康评价

生态健康评价对了解区域生态健康状况和促进区域可持续发展具有重要意义,如何自动筛选出能反映生态系统特性的重要指标,是生态健康定量评估的关键问题。基于压力-状态-响应(PSR,Press-State-Response)框架和生态等级网络框架(EHN,Ecological Hierarchy Network),通过文献调研和因果分析建立要素层与指标层之间的交叉联系,构建了生态健康评价"网状"指标体系;在保证指标体系完备性基础上,通过结合主成分分析和熵权法的候选指标权重的客观计算,基于目标优化理论构建了评价指标的自动筛选模型,并基于中选指标计算了新疆开孔河流域2001—2017年生态健康指数(EHCI,Ecological Health Comprehensive Indexes),分析其空间分异和时间变化特征。结果表明:利用所建立的评价指标自动筛选模型,开孔河流域生态健康评价指标由31个候选指标自动筛选出了17个中选指标,用54.8%的指标表达了85.98%的信息,中选的17个指标在干旱/半干旱区域有关文献中应用较多,使用频次比例都在20%以上,其中归一化植被指数(NDVI,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)、年降水量和植被覆盖度(FVC,Fractional Vegetation Coverage)3个指标的使用频次百分比均超过了50%,说明指标自动筛选模型的合理性;开孔河流域空间分布差异显著,总体上西北高、东南低,东南部和中部绿洲区外围生态健康状况较差,西北部河谷地带和中部两大绿洲区生态健康状况较好;17年来,流域生态质量整体趋于改善,显著改善区域占10.26%,远高于显著退化的1.61%,显著改善区域以孔雀河绿洲最为明显。开孔河流域生态健康的总体好转趋势说明区域生态综合治理取得一定成效。     

宝钢分公司钢管厂 上海201900PLC;;

teel Branch,Shanghai 201900,China)The technology of communication between different PLCs is a difficulty in the control area. The communication between PLCs of ABB Company' s AC450 and SIEMENS s S7 series is taken as an instance,and the technology with which the communication is done between PLCs through PROFIBUS is introduced.PLC, communication, AC450, PROFIBUS0宝钢技术Bao Steel Technology50-52 93TM571.6;C042;7;B;CC042_7;程金良0006001300060014;0007000400050004;宝钢分公司一炼钢IF钢中间包钢水全氧含量影响因素分析王妍,朱立新,职建军,康建国宝钢股份公司研究院,宝钢股份公司研究院,宝钢分公司,宝钢分公司 上海2     

High levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization on Medicago truncatula reduces plant suitability as a host for pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

This study sheds light on a poorly understood area in insect-plant-microbe interactions,focusing on aphid probing and feeding behavior on plants with varying levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungus root colonization.It investigates a commonly occurring interaction of three species:pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum,barrel medic Medicago truncatula,and the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis,examining whether aphid-feeding behavior changes when insects feed on plants at different levels of AM fungus colonization(42% and 84% root length colonized).Aphid probing and feeding behavior was monitored throughout 8 h of recording using the electrical penetration graph(EPG)technique,also,foliar nutrient content and plant growth were measured.Summarizing,aphids took longer to reach their 1st sustained phloem ingestion on the 84% AM plants than on the 42% AM plants or on controls.Less aphids showed phloem ingestion on the 84% AM plants relative to the 42% AM plants.Shoots of the 84% AM plants had higher percent carbon(43.7%)relative to controls(40.5%),and the 84% AM plants had reduced percent nitrogen(5.3%)relative to the 42% AM plants(6%).In conclusion,EPG and foliar nutrient data support the hypothesis that modifications in plant anatomy(e.g.,thicker leaves),and poor food quality(reduced nitrogen)in the 84% AM plants contribute to reduced aphid success in locating phloem and ultimately to differences in phloem sap ingestion.This work suggests that M.truncatula plants benefit from AM symbiosis not only because of increased nutrient uptake but also because of reduced susceptibility to aphids.     

Influence of visual targets and landmarks on honey bee foraging and waggle dancing

Animals use diverse sensory stimuli to navigate their environment and to recognize rewarding food sources.Honey bees use visual atributes of the targeted food source,such as its color,shape,size,direction and distance from the hive,and the landmarks around it to navigate during foraging.They transmit the location information of the food source to other bees if it is highly rewarding.To investigate the relative importance of these attributes,we trained bees to feeders in two different experiments.In the first experiment,we asked whether bees prefer to land on(a)a similar feeder at a different distance on the same heading or on(b)a visually distinct feeder located at the exact same location.We found that,within a short foraging range,bees relied heavily on the color and the shape of the food source and to a lesser extent on its distance from the hive.In the second experiment,we asked if moving the main landmark or the feeder(visual target)influenced recruitment dancing for the feeder.We found that foragers took longer to land and danced fewer circuits when the location of the food source,or a major landmark associated with it,changed.These results demonstrate that prominent visual atributes of food sources and landmarks are evidently more reliable than distance information and that foraging bees heavily utilize these visual cues at the later stages of their journey.     

SP(0《p《1)上的Ces(a)ro算子是有界的

对0＜p＜1,记SP为具有HP导数的解析函数空间,即SP={f:f∈H(D),f′∈HP},定义f的SP范数为f P = |f(0)| + ‖f′‖P.本文证明了SP(0＜p＜1)上的Ces(a)ro算子的有界性.     

不同海拔地区种植的水稻次库碳水化合物含量的比较

在品种、土壤、底肥和追肥等一致的情况下,对三个不同海拔地区种植的水稻的次库(茎+叶鞘)中碳水化合物含量作了比较,结果表明:齐穗和黄熟期次库中总糖或淀粉含量均随海拔增高而增加。但在黄熟期,高海拔地区次库的总糖或淀粉含量比齐穗期的增加,而低海拔地区次库的总糖或淀粉含量则比齐穗期的降低。 齐穗期时,次库的淀粉含量随施用的氮素肥量的增加而降低。在黄熟期,温凉稻作区水稻次库的淀粉含量均随氮素底肥施用量的增加而增加,低熟地区水稻次库的淀粉含量则趋于一致,不过不同地区相比各处理次库的淀粉含量均因海拔增高而增加。 不同时期的氮素追肥使齐穗期次库淀粉含量因追肥时间推迟而增加,唯元江晚穗肥处理的低于中穗肥处理的。黄熟期因追肥时间提早而次库的淀粉含量增加,但元江以早穗肥处理的次库淀粉含量最低。与齐穗期相比时,低海拔地区的各个处理,其次库的淀粉含量均减低,但高海拔的昆明温凉稻作区,施早和中穗肥的水稻,在黄熟期次库的淀粉含量反而增高。还可以看出水稻种植地海拔越高,其次库淀粉含量对追肥时间越敏感。 基于水稻次库中淀粉含量对氮素肥料的反应,就三地气候条件讨论了上述的差异。     

中老缅边境蚊虫标本中Nam Dinh病毒的分离和鉴定

2012年在云南省南部中老缅边境地区采集的库蚊中分离到3株病毒(YN12039、YN12040、YN12060),该病毒只引起C6/36细胞发生病变。负染电镜观察病毒颗粒呈球形,直径60~80nm,有囊膜,表面有刺突。采用RTPCR方法对分离株的RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase,RdRp)、HEL1(superfamily 1helicase)、S蛋白(spike protein)基因进行扩增,同源性分析显示3株云南新分离株与Nam Dinh病毒(NDiV)RdRp、HEL1、S蛋白氨基酸序列相似度最高,均为98%以上。系统进化分析结果表明,3株云南新分离株与NDiV的亲缘关系最近,处于同一进化分支。该研究结果丰富了NDiV病毒的信息,对NDiV病毒分子特征、分布区域和物种嗜性等特征提供了数据参考。     

自发性高血压大鼠主动脉α_(1B)及α_(1D)肾上腺素受体第三细胞内环不存在点突变

我们以前的实验显示自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）离体主动脉磷酸肌醇蓄积在无激动剂存在的基础状态下就显著增高。根据G蛋白偶联受体固有活性假说，推测SHR主动脉中介导肌酸磷脂水解的主要受体－α1D和α1B-肾上腺素受体的第三细胞内环可能存在点突变。本实验通过PCR－SSCP鉴定，表明上述突变并不存在。从而提示SHR主动脉磷酸肌醇蓄积基础水平增加并非因α1D和α1B-肾上腺素受体第三细胞内环区域突变所引起的受体固有活性所致。     

香港新记载的三种蕨类植物

香港新记载的三种蕨类植物苏美灵（香港浸会学院生物系，香港九龙窝打老道２２４号）ＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＳＯＦＦＥＲＮＳＩＮＨＯＮＧＫＯＮＧ￥ＳＵＭｅｉ－Ｌｉｎｇ（Ｍ．Ｌ．Ｓｏ）（ＢｉｏｌｏｇｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ，ＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇＢａｐｔｉｓｔＣｏｌｌｅｇ...     

中华虎凤蝶的生物学特性观察

中华虎凤蝶是世界珍稀蝶类。分布在我国长江以南的湖北长阳,江苏南京,江西九江,浙江杭州、天目山、平阳等地。近年来,由于植物破坏和被捕杀,数量日趋减少。我国已将之列为Ⅱ级保护动物。我们对该蝶进行了三年人工饲养和观察,现将结果简报如下。 年生活史 中华虎凤蝶在国内各分布地一年发生一代。以蛹在地表的枯枝落叶层中越冬。成虫出现期因各地气温不同而有差异。浙南为2月下旬,杭州3月上中旬,南京3月中下旬,天目山4月下旬至5月初,庐山5月上旬。我们在浙江丽水饲养三年,其年生活史见图1。