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1.
For three acid soils from Santa Catarina, Brazil, lime application and time of incubation with lime had little effect on the
adsorption of added phosphorus. In two soils with high contents of exchangeable aluminium, solution P and isotopically exchangeable
P were decreased by incubating with lime for 1 month: phosphorus was probably adsorbing on freshly precipitated aluminium
hydrous oxides. In one soil with less exchangeable aluminium, P in solution was increased by liming. After 23 months lime
increased solution and exchangeable P possibly due to crystallization of aluminium hydrous oxides reducing the number of sites
for P adsorption. All these changes were however small.
In a pot experiment, lime and phosphorus markedly increased barley shoot and root dry matter and P uptake. Although liming
reduced P availability measured by solution P, isotopically exchangeable P and resin extractable P, it increased phosphorus
uptake by reducing aluminium toxicity and promoting better root growth. The soil aluminium saturation was reduced by liming,
but the concentration of aluminium in roots changed only slightly. The roots accumulated aluminium without apparently being
damaged. 相似文献
2.
Effects and interactions of varying CaSO4 and NaCl levels on growth and nitrogen fixation ofLeucaena leucocephala K8 were examined. Leucaena was grown in nutrient solution at four levels of CaSO4 (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mM) and NaCl (1, 25, 50 and 100 mM) in randomized blocks with five replications. While NaCl significantly reduced plant growth, additions of CaSO4 increased plant height, leaf number, and biomass of salt treated plants. For the nonsaline treatments, high CaSO4 levels slightly depressed growth, which contradicts suggestions that Leucaena has a high calcium requirement. A significant
calcium/sodium interaction was not seen for nodule number or weight. Nodule number was significantly depressed by 100 mM NaCl and nodule weight of the salt stressed plants significantly increased as CaSO4 concentration increased from 0.5 to 2.5 mM. Effects of NaCl and CaSO4 on nitrogen content of plant parts were inconclusive. The promotion of Leucaena salinity tolerance by addition of CaSO4 may be attributed to the effect of calcium in maintaing the selective permeability of membranes. 相似文献
3.
Plantations of radiata pine (P. radiata D.Don) on soils previously under legume based pastures have a high incidence of stem deformity compared with forest soils.
A comparison of soil properties and tree nutrition of 5 to 7 year-old radiata pine on former pastures in the first part of
the study showed that stem deformity was strongly correlated with mineralisation of soil N and in particular with nitrification.
Other soil properties that have changed as a result of pasture improvement, e.g. pH, available P and Mn, were only partially
correlated with stem deformity. In the second part of the study, the role of N availability and other soil properties in the
expression of deformity was further investigated in a separate field experiment on soils formerly under native eucalypt forest,
tobacco cropping, and improved pasture. Young radiata pine plantings were treated with lime, phosphorus, and nitrogen applied
as urea and sodium nitrate. Liming increased soil pH by around 1.5 units, raised exchangeable Ca2+ and decreased available Mn. Soil mineral N content was only marginally affected by liming. Superphosphate increased soil
available P and raised levels of P in foliage. Changes in soil pH, availability of P, Mn, and B did not affect growth or stem
deformity at any of the sites. In contrast, application of N fertilisers at 200 and 600 kg N ha-1 increased mineral N content and stimulated nitrification, particularly at the forest site. The high rate of N fertiliser
increased basal area at the forest site by 45%, but also raised the level of stem deformity from 12% to 56%. At the tobacco
and pasture sites, this treatment did not increase growth and did not significantly raise stem deformity above the already
high basic level of deformity (63%). Implications of stem deformity in young plantations of radiata pine on potential utilisation
later in the rotation are discussed. 相似文献
4.
1,3-β-Glucan synthase activity has been demonstrated in particulate fractions of bark extracts from Mexican lime. With respect to substrate, the enzyme kinetics did not conform to the Michaelis-Menten equation. The value of the Hill coefficient was 1.2 and S0.5 is 1.1 mM. The enzyme had an optimum pH of 7.5. Maltose, sucrose, and especially cellobiose and glucose, were enzyme activators when tested at physiological concentrations. In the presence of 15 mM MgCl2 the enzymic activity was stimulated at 10 μM UDP-glucose but decreased at 1 mM UDP-glucose, suggesting a minor 1,4-β-glucan synthase activity. 相似文献
5.
6.
《Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability》2013,25(2):76-84
AbstractThe bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals play a major role in the toxicity of heavy metals in the compost applied for soil conditioning. A rotary drum composter was used for the study of heavy metal bioavailability and leachability during water hyacinth composting with a mixture of cattle manure, sawdust and lime. Lime was added in 1, 2 and 3% to the mixture of water hyacinth, cattle manure and sawdust at a ratio of 6:3:1 respectively. Influences of physico-chemical parameters on heavy metal bioavailability and leachability were studied during the process. The bioavailability of heavy metals solubility and diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid extractability was examined. The toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) test was performed for assessing the hazardous properties of compost. The nutrients and the total concentration of heavy metals were increased during the composting process. The lime was very effective in reducing water solubility, plant availability and leachability of the selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr) during the process. The addition of lime provided a buffer against the decrease in pH and a sufficient amount of Ca that would improve the metabolic activity during composting. The addition of an excess amount of lime slowed the metabolic activity of the microbes due to its high alkalinity. The TCLP test confirms that the heavy metals concentrations in the control and in the lime-amended compost were below the threshold limits. 相似文献
7.
Vincent S. Chang William E. Kaar Barry Burr Mark T. Holtzapple 《Biotechnology letters》2001,23(16):1327-1333
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was performed on lime-treated switchgrass and corn stover, and oxidatively lime-treated poplar wood to determine their compatibility with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cellulose-derived glucose was extensively utilized by the yeast during SSF. The ethanol yields from pretreated switchgrass, pretreated corn stover, and pretreated-and-washed poplar wood were 72%, 62% and 73% of theoretical, respectively, whereas those from -cellulose were 67 to 91% of theoretical. The lower ethanol yields from treated biomass resulted from lower cellulose digestibilities rather than inhibitors produced by the pretreatment. Oxidative lime pretreatment of poplar wood increased the ethanol yield by a factor of 5.6, from 13% (untreated) to 73% (pretreated-and-washed). 相似文献
8.
Biosolids, also known as sewage sludge, are reusable organic materials separated from sewage during treatment. They can be managed in a variety of ways. Different options for biosolids handling in Sydney, Australia, are compared in this study using life-cycle assessment. Two key comparisons are made: of system scenarios (scenario 1 is local dewatering and lime amendment; scenario 2 is a centralized drying system) and of technologies (thermal drying versus lime amendment). The environmental issues addressed are energy consumption, global warming potential (GWP), and human toxicity potential (HTP).
Scenario 2 would consume 24% more energy than scenario 1. This is due to the additional electricity for pumping and particularly the petrochemical methane that supplements biogas in the drier. A centralized system using the same technologies as scenario 1 has approximately the same impacts. The GWP and HTP of the different scenarios do not differ significantly.
The assessment of technology choices shows significant differences. The ample supply of endogenous biogas at North Head sewage treatment plant for the drying option allows reductions, relative to the lime-amendment option, of 68% in energy consumption, 45% in GWP, and 23% in HTP.
Technology choices have more significant influence on the environmental profile of biosolids processing than does the choice of system configurations. Controlling variables for environmental improvement are the selection of biogas fuel, avoidance of coalsourced electrical energy, minimization of trucking distances, and raising the solids content of biosolids products. 相似文献
Scenario 2 would consume 24% more energy than scenario 1. This is due to the additional electricity for pumping and particularly the petrochemical methane that supplements biogas in the drier. A centralized system using the same technologies as scenario 1 has approximately the same impacts. The GWP and HTP of the different scenarios do not differ significantly.
The assessment of technology choices shows significant differences. The ample supply of endogenous biogas at North Head sewage treatment plant for the drying option allows reductions, relative to the lime-amendment option, of 68% in energy consumption, 45% in GWP, and 23% in HTP.
Technology choices have more significant influence on the environmental profile of biosolids processing than does the choice of system configurations. Controlling variables for environmental improvement are the selection of biogas fuel, avoidance of coalsourced electrical energy, minimization of trucking distances, and raising the solids content of biosolids products. 相似文献
9.
Cadmium and cadmium compounds are water soluble, mobile in most soils, bio-available, and tend to bio-accumulate. A pot culture experiment was conducted on contaminated soil to study the influence of lime and organic matter on the mobility of cadmium in spinach and its rhizosphere soil. Application of lime (50% and 100% lime requirement) and organic matter (0.5 and 1% by weight of soil) to soil decreased the availability of Cd to the soil and plant throughout the crop growth. The highest diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) extractable Cd was 10.84 mg kg?1 in the treatment OM0 L0 (No application of organic matter and lime) at 20 days after sowing of spinach. Likewise, the highest Cd concentration in spinach roots and shoots were 19.80 and 17.0 mg kg?1 in the treatment OM0 L0 at 20 days after sowing. The Cd concentration in spinach roots and shoots were decreased by 63.23 and 71.88%, respectively, in the treatment OM1 L100 (application of FYM at 1.0% by weight of soil and lime at 100% lime requirement) after 60 days of growth. The lowest concentrations of Cd in the soil and plant after the harvest of the crop were 2.88 and 4.27 mg kg?1, respectively, in the treatment OM1 L100 and resulted in 65.75 and 71.55% decrease over control (OM0 L0). The highest total chlorophyll content of leaves was 2.19 mg kg?1 of fresh weight in the treatment OM1 L100 at 40 days of crop growth. 相似文献
10.
研究了长白山北坡椴树(Tilia amurensis)枝条的分散进程,实验结果揭示,分解率是与各实验地的植被类型,海拔,生长季月平均大于5℃的积温等密切相关。其枝条分解的保存率(Y)与分解年龄(x)的相关,可用指数模型:Y=e^-kx来拟合,在红松阔叶混交林,红松外叶混交林,岳桦去冷杉林及岳桦林中椴树枝条分解常数K分别为-0.168与-0.127,-0.102和-0.094。枝条原重量50%的分解年龄在上述4个森林中分别是4,5,6和7a。实验还指出,在长白山红松阔叶混交林皆伐迹地的实验条件下适当的蔽荫和浇水对分解有正面影响。而且,枝条的分解率主要是以长白山不同海拔植被类型的温度条件而转移,特别是生长季的积温。 相似文献