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排序方式: 共有232条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
A new protein crosslinking agent, 2,3-dibromopropionyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, has been synthesized and characterized. The potential use of this compound as a temperature-controllable heterobifunctional crosslinking agent has been investigated using model systems and its reactivity compared with that of chlorambucil-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The coupling of14C-labeled phenylethylamine to lysozyme has been used to illustrate the feasibility of the use of this crosslinking agent for the synthesis of immunotoxins. 相似文献
2.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase. 下载免费PDF全文
E. S. Istvan C. A. Hasemann R. G. Kurumbail K. Uyeda J. Deisenhofer 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》1995,4(11):2439-2441
Diffraction-quality crystals of the bifunctional enzyme fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase from rat testis have been obtained. The crystals were grown in the presence of ATP gamma S, fructose 6-phosphate, the detergent n-octylglucoside, and the precipitant polyethylene glycol 4000. The crystals have the symmetry of the trigonal space group P31/221 with a = b = 83.0 A and c = 130.6 A. Flash-frozen crystals diffract to beyond 2.2 A, and native data have been collected. 相似文献
3.
Covalent control of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase: insights into autoregulation of a bifunctional enzyme. 下载免费PDF全文
I. J. Kurland S. J. Pilkis 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》1995,4(6):1023-1037
The hepatic bifunctional enzyme, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (6PF-2-K/Fru-2,6-P2ase), E.C. 2.7-1-105/E.C. 3-1-3-46, is one member of a family of unique bifunctional proteins that catalyze the synthesis and degradation of the regulatory metabolite fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2). Fru-2,6-P2 is a potent activator of the glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and an inhibitor of the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and provides a switching mechanism between these two opposing pathways of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. The activities of the hepatic 6PF-2-K/Fru-2,6-P2ase isoform are reciprocally regulated by a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK)-catalyzed phosphorylation at a single NH2-terminal residue, Ser-32. Phosphorylation at Ser-32 inhibits the kinase and activates the bisphosphatase, in part through an electrostatic mechanism. Substitution of Asp for Ser-32 mimics the effects of cAPK-catalyzed phosphorylation. In the dephosphorylated homodimer, the NH2- and COOH-terminal tail regions also have an interaction with their respective active sites on the same subunit to produce an autoregulatory inhibition of the bisphosphatase and activation of the kinase. In support of this hypothesis, deletion of either the NH2- or COOH-terminal tail region, or both regions, leads to a disruption of these interactions with a maximal activation of the bisphosphatase. Inhibition of the kinase is observed with the NH2-truncated forms, in which there is also a diminution of cAPK phosphorylation to decrease the Km for Fru-6-P. Phosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme by cAPK disrupts these autoregulatory interactions, resulting in inhibition of the kinase and activation of the bisphosphatase. Therefore, effects of cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation are mediated by a combination of electrostatic and autoregulatory control mechanisms. 相似文献
4.
The NreB–NreC two-component system of Staphylococcus carnosus for O2 sensing cooperates with the accessory nitrate sensor NreA in the NreA–NreB–NreC system for coordinated sensing and regulation of nitrate respiration by O2 and nitrate. ApoNreA (NreA in the absence of nitrate) interacts with NreB and inhibits NreB autophosphorylation (and activation). NreB contains the phosphatase motif DxxxQ. The present study shows that NreB on its own was inactive for the dephosphorylation of the phosphorylated response regulator NreC (NreC-P), but co-incubation with NreB and NreA stimulated NreC-P dephosphorylation. Either the presence of instead of apoNreA or mutation of the phosphatase motif (D160 or Q164) of NreB abrogated phosphatase activity of NreB. Phosphatase activity was observed for anoxic (active) NreB as well as oxic NreB, therefore the functional state of NreB is not relevant for phosphatase activity. Thus, NreB is a bifunctional sensor kinase with an integral cryptic phosphatase activity. Activation of phosphatase activity and dephosphorylation of NreC-P requires NreA as a cofactor. Accordingly, NreA and nitrate have major and dual roles in NreA–NreB–NreC regulation by (i) inhibiting NreB phosphorylation and (ii) triggering a kinase/phosphatase switch of NreB when present as apoNreA. 相似文献
5.
Li Tao Yuqing Wang Yuqin Zou Nana Zhang Yiqiong Zhang Yujie Wu Yanyong Wang Ru Chen Shuangyin Wang 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(11)
Electrocatalysis is the most important electrode reactions for many energy storage and conversion devices, which are considered a key part of the resolution of the energy crisis. Toward this end, design of efficient electrocatalysts is of critical significance. While extensive research has been extended to develop excellent electrocatalysts, the fundamental understanding of the relationship between the electronic and structural properties of electrocatalysts and the catalytic activity must remain a priority. In this review, the activity modulation of electrocatalysts by charge transfer effects, including intramolecular and intermolecular charge transfer, is systematically introduced. With suitable charge transfer modification, such as heteroatom doping, defect engineering, molecule functionalization, and heterojunctions, the electrocatalytic activity of carbon‐based electrocatalysts can be significantly boosted. The manipulation of the electronic structure of carbon‐based materials by charge transfer may serve as a fundamental mechanism for performance enhancement. After establishing an understanding of the relationship between catalytic activity and charge transfer, the opportunities and challenges for the design of electrocatalyst with charge transfer effects are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Xu Luo Pengxia Ji Pengyan Wang Ruilin Cheng Ding Chen Can Lin Jianan Zhang Jianwei He Zuhao Shi Neng Li Shengqiang Xiao Shichun Mu 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(17)
Rational design and construction of bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent activity and durability is imperative for water splitting. Herein, a novel top‐down strategy to realize a hierarchical branched Mo‐doped sulfide/phosphide heterostructure (Mo‐Ni3S2/NixPy hollow nanorods), by partially phosphating Mo‐Ni3S2/NF flower clusters, is proposed. Benefitting from the optimized electronic structure configuration, hierarchical branched hollow nanorod structure, and abundant heterogeneous interfaces, the as‐obtained multisite Mo‐Ni3S2/NixPy/NF electrode has remarkable stability and bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 m KOH solutions. It possesses an extremely low overpotential of 238 mV at the current density of 50 mA cm?2 for OER. Importantly, when assembled as anode and cathode simultaneously, it merely requires an ultralow cell voltage of 1.46 V to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm?2, with excellent durability for over 72 h, outperforming most of the reported Ni‐based bifunctional materials. Density functional theory results further confirm that the doped heterostructure can synergistically optimize Gibbs free energies of H and O‐containing intermediates (OH*, O*, and OOH*) during HER and OER processes, thus accelerating the catalytic kinetics of electrochemical water splitting. This work demonstrates the importance of the rational combination of metal doping and interface engineering for advanced catalytic materials. 相似文献
7.
Ligang Wang Xinxuan Duan Xijun Liu Jing Gu Rui Si Yi Qiu Yaming Qiu Dier Shi Fanhong Chen Xiaoming Sun Jianhua Lin Junliang Sun 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(4)
Water splitting requires development of cost‐effective multifunctional materials that can catalyze both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) efficiently. Currently, the OER relies on the noble‐metal catalysts; since with other catalysts, its operation environment is greatly limited in alkaline conditions. Herein, an advanced water oxidation catalyst based on metallic Co9S8 decorated with single‐atomic Mo (0.99 wt%) is synthesized (Mo‐Co9S8@C). It exhibits pronounced water oxidization activity in acid, alkali, and neutral media by showing positive onset potentials of 200, 90, and 290 mV, respectively, which manifests the best Co9S8‐based single‐atom Mo catalyst till now. Moreover, it also demonstrates excellent HER performance over a wide pH range. Consequently, the catalyst even outperforms noble metal Pt/IrO2‐based catalysts for overall water splitting (only requiring 1.68 V in acid, and 1.56 V in alkaline). Impressively, it works under a current density of 10 mA cm?2 with no obvious decay during a 24 h (0.5 m H2SO4) and 72 h (1.0 m KOH) durability experiment. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that the synergistic effects of atomically dispersed Mo with Co‐containing substrates can efficiently alter the binding energies of adsorbed intermediate species and decrease the overpotentials of the water splitting. 相似文献
8.
Lela Jackson Androniqi Qifti Katherine M. Pearce Suzanne Scarlata 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2020,29(6):1258-1268
Some proteins can serve multiple functions depending on different cellular conditions. An example of a bifunctional protein is inositide‐specific mammalian phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ). PLCβ is activated by G proteins in response to hormones and neurotransmitters to increase intracellular calcium. Recently, alternate cellular function(s) of PLCβ have become uncovered. However, the conditions that allow these different functions to be operative are unclear. Like many mammalian proteins, PLCβ has a conserved catalytic core along with several regulatory domains. These domains modulate the intensity and duration of calcium signals in response to external sensory information, and allow this enzyme to inhibit protein translation in a noncatalytic manner. In this review, we first describe PLCβ's cellular functions and regulation of the switching between these functions, and then discuss the thermodynamic considerations that offer insight into how cells manage multiple and competitive associations allowing them to rapidly shift between functional states. 相似文献
9.
10.
Nicholas Court 《Historical Biology》2013,25(2):91-111
The highly autapomorphic upper molar bilophodonty of the Oligocene mammal, Arsinoitherium (Embrithopoda) is an extreme form of dilambdodonty effected by lingual positioning of normally buccally situated cusps with reduction of lingual cusps. This effectively limits the molar dentition to a single phase shearing occlusal motion. Molar and premolar morphology is very different, premolars exhibiting high longitudinal ectolophs and typical two phase occlusal morphology. A double faceted mandibular condyle and angular discontinuity between lower molar and premolar dentitions is interpreted as a means of separating premolar from molar occlusion. A bifunctional masticatory system is proposed whereby efficient premolar occlusion is achieved only after a repositioning of the temporomandibular joint. Loss of phase II occlusion in the molars is compensated by maintenance of a crushing/grinding mode in the premolars. This coupled with the ability to maintain high occlusal pressures along the length of the mandible explains the unbroken dental arcade. Arsinoitheres therefore possess an extremely specialised masticatory apparatus and are interpreted as highly selective browsing herbivores. 相似文献