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随着世界人口老龄化步伐的加快,衰老机制及抗衰老药物的研究日益成为生物医学领域的热点前沿之一.国内外已有大量研究报道抗衰老药物能够延长多种模式生物包括线虫、果蝇、小鼠、大鼠及灵长类等的寿命,然而,这些药物延缓衰老方式的差异仍缺乏系统研究.因此,本研究以衰老研究的热点模式生物线虫为对象,搜集1990年以来国内外刊物上正式发表的有关抗衰老药物寿命试验的研究文献及其涉及的生存曲线,利用荟萃分析比较了不同抗衰老药物与生存曲线变化类型间的关系,并结合药物的药理作用探讨其延寿机制.生存曲线特征聚类结果与药物生物学分类交叉分析结果表明,药理作用类型与增益类型具有很强相关性,提示这2种分类方法的结果是匹配的.抗氧化剂类药物和控制血糖类药物对生存曲线的改善总体增益虽然不是最高,但相对于正常组生存曲线其增益部分呈平移形,表明该类药物可以通过改善年龄结构对整个群体产生显著增益,且其衰老曲线的特征与自然衰老相似.抗癫痫药物及胃肠道菌群相关药物总体增益较大,其曲线增益形状呈梯形,提示该类药物(尤其是胃肠道菌群相关药物)尽管显著延长了少数个体的最大寿命,但是从整个群体来看,大多数个体寿命延长程度并不明显,受益的少数个体可能需要较长的外界资源支持方能保持较长时间的存活状态,这种模式既不大众化也不经济.综上所述,清除自由基和控制血糖类药物对健康老年有着更为积极合理的作用与效应. 相似文献
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人参皂苷抗衰老机制的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人参皂苷的抗衰老作用被认为是人参皂苷的重要作用之一。人参皂苷主要通过四种途径实现其抗衰老功能:通过提高机体内SOD、CAT、GSH2Px活性,诱导SOD、CAT基因表达,减少LPO、MDA含量等实现其抗衰老作用;通过促进神经递质释放、增加神经递质传递者(Ach)含量、促进NBM神经元TrkB mRNA表达、阻止神经原产生过量硝酸盐等实现其抗衰老功能;通过免疫系统在细胞和分子水平上的适度调节延缓衰老;人参皂苷亦能通过影响细胞周期调控因子、衰老基因表达,延长端粒长度、增强端粒酶活性等来实现其抗衰老功能。人参皂苷抗衰老的更完善和更深入的分子作用机制研究将成为未来研究的重点之一。 相似文献
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Michelle T. Burstein Pavlo Kyryakov Adam Beach Vincent R. Richard Olivia Koupaki Alejandra Gomez-Perez Anna Leonov Sean Levy Forough Noohi Vladimir I. Titorenko 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2012,11(18):3443-3462
Our studies revealed that LCA (lithocholic bile acid) extends yeast chronological lifespan if added to growth medium at the time of cell inoculation. We also demonstrated that longevity in chronologically aging yeast is programmed by the level of metabolic capacity and organelle organization that they developed before entering a quiescent state and, thus, that chronological aging in yeast is likely to be the final step of a developmental program progressing through at least one checkpoint prior to entry into quiescence. Here, we investigate how LCA influences longevity and several longevity-defining cellular processes in chronologically aging yeast if added to growth medium at different periods of the lifespan. We found that LCA can extend longevity of yeast under CR (caloric restriction) conditions only if added at either of two lifespan periods. One of them includes logarithmic and diauxic growth phases, whereas the other period exists in early stationary phase. Our findings suggest a mechanism linking the ability of LCA to increase the lifespan of CR yeast only if added at either of the two periods to its differential effects on various longevity-defining processes. In this mechanism, LCA controls these processes at three checkpoints that exist in logarithmic/diauxic, post-diauxic and early stationary phases. We therefore hypothesize that a biomolecular longevity network progresses through a series of checkpoints, at each of which (1) genetic, dietary and pharmacological anti-aging interventions modulate a distinct set of longevity-defining processes comprising the network; and (2) checkpoint-specific master regulators monitor and govern the functional states of these processes. 相似文献
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Yanhui Wang Yanfei Lin Lan Xiang Hiroyuki Osada 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2017,81(8):1586-1590
One new (1, SZMT01) and one known (2) anti-aging substances were isolated from Shenzhou honey peach fruit. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical derivatization, and the result reveals that these two compounds are sesquiterpene glucosides. SZMT01 possesses a new glycosylation with an ester linkage at one terminal in an acyclic sesquiterpenoid which is the end of a double bond at another terminal. Both compounds extend the replicative lifespan of K6001 yeast strain at doses of 7.5 and 25 μM. Then, to understand the action mechanism involved, we performed an anti-oxidative experiment on SZMT01. The result revealed that treatment with SZMT01 increased the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress. Moreover, the lifespans of sod1 and sod2 mutant yeast strains with a K6001 background were not affected by SZMT01. These results demonstrate that anti-oxidative stress performs important roles in anti-aging effects of SZMT01. 相似文献
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目的克隆小鼠膜型抗衰老蛋白Klotho基因特异片段,制备小鼠Klotho多克隆抗体。方法以小鼠基因组为模板进行PCR,克隆了小鼠膜型抗衰老蛋白Klotho基因外显子Ⅳ部分序列,经BamH I和Nhe I双酶切后定向克隆到质粒pET-GST中,构建原核表达质粒pET-GST-Klotho,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导表达。以重组GST-Klotho融合蛋白免疫家兔,制备Klotho多克隆抗体。结果表达产物经SDS-PAGE检测表明,在大肠埃希菌中成功表达了GST-Klotho融合蛋白,GST-Klotho融合蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白的15%左右;另外通过ELISA法测得抗血清抗体效价约为1:10000,Western印迹分析验证了抗体特异性。结论GST-Klotho融合蛋白的表达和Klotho多克隆抗体的制备为进一步研究Klotho蛋白在小鼠体内的表达模式以及相关抗衰老药物的研制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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植物中存在许多天然活性多糖。由于生长环境不同,不同植物的多糖在结构和组成上有明显差异,但不同来源的植物多糖却具有相似的生物学活性,比如调节机体免疫功能、抑制肿瘤、抗衰老、抗病毒、降血脂、降血糖、抗氧化等。植物多糖抗衰老机制已成为植物多糖生物学活性研究中的热点之一。我们简要综述了国内外植物多糖抗衰老作用的研究进展。 相似文献