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1.
The ocelli control the flight course in honeybees 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GERALD KASTBERGER 《Physiological Entomology》1990,15(3):337-346
Abstract Fully-sighted honeybees and bees with all ocelli occluded were trained to fly through an arena to arrive at a feeding place. After training, the bees were exposed to side-light flashes during their feeding flights. The flight paths were recorded on video and analysed frame by frame at 40 ms intervals with reference to the main parameters, the coordinates of the thorax and the yaw angle of the bee. Course angles, translational course velocities and accelerations were calculated, and the responses to side light flashes evaluated with respect to 'on' and 'off.
Immediately after light on, fully-sighted bees respond slightly positively by yawing and flying toward the side light. Bees in which all ocelli are occluded are greatly disturbed and respond with negative yawing and flight path directions.
The ocelli apparently help to control phototactic alertness in the bee. They determine whether phototactic orienting or pattern-induced orienting behaviour is more important in a particular state of motivation. They help to minimize the level of disturbance in flight course control, obviously by activating a neuronal circuit with comparator attributes. It is assumed that this kind of compensation or suppression of phototactically guided reflexes occurs only for a few 100 ms. Consequently, the biological significance of light flashes shorter than 400 ms is very slight.
Fully-sighted bees decelerate strongly when a side light is switched on. Bees in which the ocelli are occluded behave less cautiously: they generally fly faster and need more reaction time. Thus, the ocelli help the bee to react photokinetically to photic stimuli in a much shorter time than do the compound eyes alone. 相似文献
Immediately after light on, fully-sighted bees respond slightly positively by yawing and flying toward the side light. Bees in which all ocelli are occluded are greatly disturbed and respond with negative yawing and flight path directions.
The ocelli apparently help to control phototactic alertness in the bee. They determine whether phototactic orienting or pattern-induced orienting behaviour is more important in a particular state of motivation. They help to minimize the level of disturbance in flight course control, obviously by activating a neuronal circuit with comparator attributes. It is assumed that this kind of compensation or suppression of phototactically guided reflexes occurs only for a few 100 ms. Consequently, the biological significance of light flashes shorter than 400 ms is very slight.
Fully-sighted bees decelerate strongly when a side light is switched on. Bees in which the ocelli are occluded behave less cautiously: they generally fly faster and need more reaction time. Thus, the ocelli help the bee to react photokinetically to photic stimuli in a much shorter time than do the compound eyes alone. 相似文献
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M. Lehrer M. V. Srinivasan 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1993,173(1):23-32
Behavioural experiments using a variety of experimental situations (Figs. 1, 3, 6, 7, 9) were conducted to investigate the visual cues which bees use in the task of object-ground discrimination. The bees' flight and landing behaviour was video-filmed throughout the experiments. The evaluation of the video data shows that bees trained to find a randomly textured figure raised above a similarly textured ground land mainly on the boundaries of the figure, facing its inner surface (Fig. 2a, b). Bees can also be trained to find a hole, i.e. a low texture viewed through a window cut in a raised texture, but these bees are not attracted to the edges of the hole (Fig. 5a, b). Bees trained to a single edge between a low and a raised random texture land at the edge mainly facing the raised side (Table 1). Bees approaching the edge from the high side cross the edge in most cases without landing on it (Table 1). Bees trained to an edge between 2 striped patterns, one raised above the other, again land on the edge facing the raised pattern, regardless of whether the stripes on the 2 patterns run parallel or perpendicular to each other or to the edge (Fig. 8). In this case, the bees acquire range information by flying in oblique directions with respect to the orientation of the stripes (Fig. 10). All of the results suggest that the edge elicits landings when the bee perceives a local increase in the speed of image motion, signalling an abrupt decrease in range. This is corroborated by the results of further experiments in which artificial motion was used to simulate range differences between the two sides of an edge (Table 2). We conclude that image speed is a powerful cue in range discrimination as well as object detection.
Dedicated to G. Adrian Horridge on the occasion of his retirement 相似文献
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研究了蜜蜂对相同颜色和不同颜色目标图对的形状以及颜色的综合识别能力实验过程中,蜜蜂始终处于自由飞行状态.做为刺激目标使用的图对分别有相同颜色不同几何形状、相同颜色不同拓扑结构和不同颜色几何形状三组.主要结果有三点:(1)在相同颜色的条件下,蜜蜂可以分辨出图形的几何形状,并且识别能力与图对的相似程度成反比(2)在刺激图形为环形时,蜜蜂对图形平均亮度敏感;在平均亮度相同的情况下,对环形细节变和尺寸大小不敏感.(3)在不同颜色不同几何形状的刺激条件下.蜜蜂视觉信息加工过程中颜色因素会抑制几何形状因素而起主要作用.这三个结果可以视为深入研究颜色加工通道和几何形状加工通道之间内在关系的基础. 相似文献
7.
Dr. Joseph Torres Jr. 《Cell and tissue research》1980,208(1):29-33
Summary A polytrophic ovariole of the queen honeybee, Apis mellifera, is composed of a linear series of increasingly mature egg chambers, each consisting of an oocyte, an interconnected cluster of nurse cells, and a covering layer of follicle cells. This study describes changes in the volume of each of these components, as a function of the position of the egg chamber in the ovariole. An oocyte increases in volume from approximately 8.9 × 103 m3 to approximately 9.6 × 106 m3 over an average series of 20 egg chambers. 相似文献
8.
The flow of jelly within a honeybee colony 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Karl Crailsheim 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1992,162(8):681-689
Summary The flow of jelly from 100 nurse bees to the members of two normal-sized colonies was measured during one night. To follow the flow, nurses were injected with 14C-phenylalanine. They incorporated this label into the protein of their hypopharyngeal (brood food) glands and their own body protein. When they were allowed trophallactic contacts during the investigation period a loss of label and a shift away from the abdomen was observed, indicating protein synthesis in the hypopharyngeal glands from previously stored protein. Very young larvae were fed less frequently than older ones. Younger workers received larger amounts of jelly than older ones, but considerable amounts were given to foragers. Drones behaved similarly. Between one-third and one-half of the distributed jelly was given to imagines; 10% and 16% of all workers received radioactive jelly from 100 nurses in the two colonies during one night. Thus, jelly is a very important food for adult honey bees. There was a remarkable exchange of label within the class of nurses themselves that is interpreted as communication within the social system.Abbreviation dpm
decays per minute 相似文献
9.
Servet Arslan Mahir Murat Cengiz Aziz Gül Samy Sayed 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(5):2686-2691
The influence of different commercial queen producers on the quality of Apis mellifera queens was assessed. It was aimed to determine the quality characteristics of queens reared by commercial queen producers located in the province of Antalya, which is an important region in queens production due to its climatic characteristics. For this purpose, the quality characteristics of a total of 105 queen bees obtained from 21 enterprises were determined. Differences between the enterprises in terms of the number of spermatozoa (P < 0.01) were determined. In terms of the diameter of spermatheca, spermatheca volume and live weight, statistical differences between the enterprises were also observed (P < 0.05). When the relationships between the measured characteristics were examined, significant values were obtained statistically between live weight and diameter of spermathecae (0.268) and spermatheca volume (0.258). It was also determined that there is a significant correlation between spermatheca diameter and spermatheca volume (0.995). The spermatheca diameter of a good quality queen bee should not be <1.2 mm, spermatheca volume 0.90 mm3 and live weight not <200 mg. Only live weight was found to be within the normal quality standard values when the average results of the quality criteria are taken into consideration. Other characters such as spermathecae diameter, spermathecae volume and number of spermatozoa in spermathecae seem to be below quality standard values. 相似文献
10.
To date, there are only few reports of immediate early genes (IEGs) available in insects. Aiming at identifying a conserved IEG in insects, we characterized an Egr homolog of the honeybee (AmEgr: Apis mellifera Egr). AmEgr was transiently induced in whole worker brains after seizure induction. In situ hybridization for AmEgr indicated that neural activity of a certain mushroom body (a higher brain center) neuron subtype, which is the same as that we previously identified using another non-coding IEG, termed kakusei, is more enhanced in forager brains. These findings suggest that Egr can be utilized as an IEG in insects. 相似文献