Taxonomy of someDiploschistes spp. (lichenized ascomycetes,Thelotremataceae) containing gyrophoric acid

Three species which contain both gyrophoric and lecanoric acids and possess perithecioid ascomata are recognized in the genusDiploschistes. D. badius andD. gyrophoricus are described as new, whileD. subcupreus is reduced to synonymy withD. sticticus. Two species occur in the southern hemisphere, whileD. badius is found in N. America.     

Anamylopsoraceae — a new family of lichenized ascomycetes with stipitate apothecia (Lecanorales: Agyriineae)

The anatomy, chemistry and developmental morphology ofAnamylopsora pulcherrima is investigated. Some characters, including the ascus structure, suggest a close affinity with theAgyriaceae. However, the chemistry and the pycnidial structure differ as well as the ascoma ontogeny.Anamylopsora has a gymnocarpous ascoma development and the ascogonia are produced in stipes.Trapelia coarctata, as a typical member of theAgyriaceae, shows a hemiangiocarpous ascoma ontogeny. The anatomical, chemical and ontogenetical characters of several families are compared withAnamylopsora and it is shown that the genus is best placed in a monotypic familyAnamylopsoraceae Lumbsch & Lunke, fam. nova, which is placed in theAgyriineae (Lecanorales).This paper is dedicated to Prof. DrAino Henssen (Marburg) on the occasion of the 70th birthday.     

子囊菌交配型位点与交配型基因研究进展

有性生殖是真菌的生殖方式之一,是真菌遗传重组的重要驱动力。交配型(mating-type,MAT)位点控制真菌性别,在有性生殖过程中起决定性作用。不同类型真菌MAT位点的基因组成、排列方式和编码蛋白不尽相同。近年来,MAT位点和MAT基因的功能与调控网络研究进展较快。本文对子囊菌交配型位点的基因组成及分布、MAT基因的功能、MAT位点与有性生殖调控通路的关系等进行了综述。     

SSU rDNA phylogeny of cladoniiform lichens

To examine phylogenetic relationships among the "cladoniiform" lichenized fungi, i.e., the families Cladoniaceae, Baeomycetaceae, Icmadophilaceae, Stereocaulaceae, and Siphulaceae, and to provide evidence for the anticipated independent origins of podetia and pseudopodetia, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of SSU (small subunit) rDNA sequences from 39 lichen-forming fungi. These fungi represent all of the major growth forms of lichen associations, fruticose (including "cladoniiform"), foliose, and crustose. Our analysis suggests that lichen-forming fungi with a "cladoniiform" morphology arose multiple times within the ascomycetes. Additionally, each of the other thallus growth forms, crustose, foliose, and fruticose, have originated multiple times. It also seems to be clear that neither all podetiate nor all pseudopodetiate taxa form a monophyletic group. Therefore the term "podetium" should be restricted to homologous structures that are most probably limited to the genera Cladonia, Cladina, Pycnothelia, and allies. The "pseudopodetia" of Stereocaulon (Stereocaulaceae) and Cladia (Cladiaceae) may represent different states of the same homologous character. Our phylogenetic hypothesis supports the monophyletic origin of the order Lecanorales sensu stricto, including representatives of five suborders Cladoniineae, Lecanorineae, Teloschistineae, Agyriineae and Peltigerineae, but excluding representatives of the suborders Acarosporineae (Acarospora schleicheri and Megaspora verrucosa), Pertusariineae (Pertusaria trachythallina), and Umbilicarineae. The suborder Cladoniineae and the family Cladoniaceae both appear to be polyphyletic assemblages.     

The PaAlr1 magnesium transporter is required for ascospore development in Podospora anserina

The PaAlr1 gene encoding a putative plasma membrane magnesium (Mg) transporter in Podospora anserina was inactivated. The PaAlr1^Δ mutants showed sensitivity to deprivation and excess Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺. They also exhibited an autonomous ascospore maturation defect. Mutant ascospores were arrested at an early stage when they contained two nuclei. These data emphasize the role of Mg ions during sexual development in a filamentous fungus.     

Ascospore septation inDiploschistes (Thelotremataceae, lichenizedAscomycota) and the taxonomic significance of macro- and microcephalic ascospore types

The ascospore septation in 13 species ofDiploschistes was examined. Microcephalic, macrocephalic, as well as irregular ascospore septation were found. In some species and even specimens of some species, different types of spore septation were detected. The taxonomic significance of the character of ascospore septation sequence is questioned, and the distinction of the ordersGraphidales andOstropales, which was primarily based on this character, is rejected.This paper is dedicated to Prof. DrRolf Santesson (Uppsala) on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

山东海岸木生海洋真菌的研究Ⅶ

从山东省渤海、黄海海域检查到4种海壳目真菌,分别为Aniptodera chesapeakensis、Ligninco lalaevis、Nais inornata、Natantispora retorquens,子囊孢子均为椭圆形、双胞、无色。本文对这4个种的形态学进行了描述和讨论。研究标本和菌种保存于青岛农业大学真菌学标本室(MHQAU)。     

Three common bryophilous fungi with meristematic anamorphs and phylogenetic alliance to Teratosphaeriaceae,Capnodiales

Bryophilous ascomycetes are an overlooked and poorly known fungal group. In this study, the extreme and small-sized niche of Polytrichum piliferum hyaline leaf tips was screened for the presence of these fungi in Finland. Three closely related species were found. Bryochiton perpusillus and Bryochiton monascus were identified from several samples, and DNA isolations revealed a third closely related species, Bryochiton sp. In addition, melanised hyphae, typical to the Bryochiton species, were present in all the samples. According to phylogenetic analyses consisting of combined small subunit (SSU), large subunit (LSU), and 5.8S rDNA sequences, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences, the species showed affinity with Teratosphaeriaceae within Capnodiales, and especially with black, meristematic species often inhabiting rock substrate in extreme environments. The connection was supported by meristematic growth of the Bryochiton species in culture. Bryochiton is the second sexual genus associated within the family Teratosphaeriaceae, and B. perpusillus, and B. monascus constitute examples of teleomorphs within a group of meristematic anamorphs. These findings emphasize the multiform diversity underlying poorly researched fungal groups, such as the bryophilous fungi.     

Ascominuta lignicola, a new loculoascomycete from submerged wood in Hong Kong

Ascominuta lignicola gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a specimen collected on submerged wood in Hong Kong.Ascominuta lignicola is characterised by relatively small ascomata, globose, 4-spored asci, and ascospores with an elaborate sheath.Ascominuta lignicola is compared withMassarina, Mycosphaerella andWettsteinina. The placement ofAscominuta in the Ascomycetesincertae sedis is discussed.