不同色光和激素配比对石刁柏茎试管苗物质积累的影响

在相同辐照度的不同色光及相同浓度比的不同组合激素的培养条件下,我们比较了石刁柏茎段培养过程中愈伤组织生长发育的情况。实验结果表明,茎段培养后的出芽数、芽长、发根等形态学指标以及生物重量、叶绿素、总糖、还原糖、蛋白质、核酸的含量等生理生化指标都不同程度地受到色光组合激素的交互作用。     

不同病区血培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解各病区血培养分离病原菌的分布特点及其耐药性,指导临床医生合理有效地使用抗生素.方法 对宁波市泌尿肾病医院·鄞州第二医院2008年8月至2011年7月临床送检的8409例血液标本经Bact/A-lert3D全自动血培养仪培养,分离所得菌用美国德灵公司Walkaway 40系统进行鉴定和药敏.对检测结果进行统计学分析.结果 共检出病原菌853株,其中革兰阴性杆菌422株,革兰阳性球菌396株,真菌35株.血浆凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌占首位,其次分别为大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌.检出菌数量居前三位的病区是重症监护病房、消化内科及肾内科.各病区的病原菌分布不尽相同.丁胺卡那、亚胺培南对大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌显示出较高的敏感性,未发现耐利奈唑胺及万古霉素菌株.结论 该院血流感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,各主要病区病原菌分布不尽相同,临床医生应跟据药敏结果合理有效地使用抗生素.     

女贞子化学成分、药理作用及药动学研究进展

女贞子系木犀科(Oleaceae)女贞属植物女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)的干燥果实,为我国传统中药,具有滋补肝肾、明目乌发的功效。女贞子含三萜类、环烯醚萜类、苯乙醇苷类及黄酮类等多种化学成分。许多药理作用研究表明女贞子具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎镇痛、保肝、抗骨质疏松、免疫调节、降血糖降血脂、抗菌抗病毒等活性。对女贞子的化学成分、药理作用及药代动力学研究进行综述,以期为我国女贞子资源的进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

2009例藏族白内障患者的病因构成及相关因素分析

目的:分析2009例藏族白内障手术患者的病因构成及相关因素。方法:收集2013年10月至2014年10月西藏自治区藏医院眼科2009例藏族白内障手术患者病例资料,按病因、年龄、性别、白内障类型、人工晶状体屈光度、文化程度、经济水平进行分类,运用统计学方法分析西藏地区藏族白内障患者发病特点。结果:2009例藏族白内障手术患者中,年龄相关性白内障1885眼(93.83%),核性白内障1197例(59.58%)。年龄2-89岁,平均年龄62.53岁,男1012眼(50.37%),女997眼(49.63%)。50-59岁年龄组的核性白内障患者比例明显高于40-49岁年龄组(P0.01;80-89岁年龄组的核性白内障患者比例高于70-79岁年龄组(P0.05)。根究Emery分级,50-59岁年龄组Ⅳ级白内障患者比例明显高于40-49岁年龄组(P0.01);80-89岁年龄组Ⅳ级白内障患者比例明显高于70-79岁年龄组(P0.05)。术前裸眼视力为0.02及0.02以下1688例(84.02%)。高度近视患者13例(0.65%),远视患者406例(20.21%)。农牧区患者1310例(65.21%),明显多于其他行业患者。结论:年龄相关性白内障仍是西藏地区藏族白内障患者的主要病因,以核性白内障为主要发病类型。随年龄增长,核性白内障患者越来越多,核硬度分级越来越高。患者主要来源于农牧区,多数术前视力差。高度近视发病率较其他地区发病率低,而远视发病率较高。     

Pleistocene reef environments, constituent grains, and coral community structure: Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles

We investigated the degree to which component grains vary with depositional environment in sediments from three reef habitats from the Pleistocene (125?ka) Hato Unit of the Lower Terrace, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles: windward reef crest, windward back reef, and leeward reef crest. The windward reef crest sediment is the most distinctive, dominated by fragments of encrusting and branching coralline red algae, coral fragments and the encrusting foraminiferan Carpenteria sp. Windward back reef and leeward reef crest sediments are more similar compositionally, only showing significant differences in relative abundance of coral fragments and Homotrema rubrum. Although lacking high taxonomic resolution and subject to modification by transport, relative abundance of constituent grain types offers a way of assessing ancient skeletal reef community composition, and one which is not limited to a single taxonomic group. The strong correlation between grain type and environment we found in the Pleistocene of Curaçao suggests that constituent grain analysis may be an effective tool in delineating Pleistocene Caribbean reef environments. However, it will not be a sufficient indicator where communities vary significantly within reef environments or where evolutionary and/or biogeographical processes lead to different relationships between community composition and reef environment. Detailed interpretation of geological, biological, and physical characteristics of the Pleistocene reefs of Curaçao reveals that the abundance of the single coral species, Acropora palmata, is not a good predictor of the ecological structure of the ancient reef coral communities. This coral was the predominant species in two of the three reef habitats (windward and leeward reef crest), but the taxonomic composition (based on species relative abundance data) of the reef coral communities was substantially different in these two environments. We conclude that qualitative estimates of coral distribution patterns (presence of a key coral species or the use of a distinctive coral skeletal architecture), when used as a component in a multi-component analysis of ancient reef environments, probably introduces minimal circular reasoning into quantitative paleoecological studies of reef coral community structure.     

Constituent order in compounds and syntax: typology and diachrony

The paper addresses the question of the correspondence between constituent order in compounds and in syntax. While a strictly synchronic perspective does not lead us to any significant generalization as ascertained by Bauer (Language typology and language universals, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 2001), adopting a diachronic point of view allows us to formulate the question in general terms by making reference to the logical problem of what is the transition permitted from a certain synchronic stage to another. On the basis of a large language sample, it is shown that constituent order in compounds heavily relies on syntax. This must be understood in the terms of a diachronic universal reflecting Hawkins’ (Word order universals, Academic Press, New York 1983) Double Acquisition Hypothesis. For this specific property of compounds, morphology does not seem to be autonomous from syntax, albeit the relation between morphology and syntax must be thought of as a multi-faceted one.     

Haemolymph constituents and osmolality as functions of moult stage,body weight,and feeding status in marron,Cherax cainii () and yabbies,Cherax destructor (Clark, 1936)

The study investigates the change in osmolality and haemolymph constituents in marron Cherax cainii and yabbies Cherax destructor associated with moult stages, body weights and their feeding status. A total of 582 haemolymph samples from 5 moult stages (postmoult-AB, intermoult-C, and premoult stages – D₀, D₁, D₂), two body weight classes (2–15 g and 61–75 g) and nutritional status were used for analysis of osmolality, protein, glucose, and ionic concentrations of potassium and chloride following the standard biochemical procedures. The haemolymph protein, glucose, potassium and chloride levels were highest at intermoult and early premoult stages, and lowest at postmoult in both crayfish species. Except protein, no significant differences were seen in analyzed parameters between various weight classes and two species. Haemolymph osmolality, protein and glucose were significantly higher in fed crayfish, whereas no variations in haemolymph potassium and chloride concentrations were observed between the fed and unfed crayfish. Maximum osmolality was recorded at 7–8 h after feeding in both crayfish species. The results showed that the biochemical changes in the haemolymph of marron and yabbies are related to moult stages, body weight and feeding and thus can be used as tools for determining suitable diets.     

Changes in relative work of the lower extremity joints and distal foot with walking speed

The modulation of walking speed results in adaptations to the lower limbs which can be quantified using mechanical work. A 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) power analysis, which includes additional translations as compared to the 3 DOF (all rotational) approach, is a comprehensive approach for quantifying lower limb work during gait. The purpose of this study was to quantify the speed-related 6 DOF joint and distal foot work adaptations of all the lower extremity limb constituents (hip, knee, ankle, and distal foot) in healthy individuals. Relative constituent 6 DOF work, the amount of constituent work relative to absolute limb work, was calculated during the stance and swing phases of gait. Eight unimpaired adults walked on an instrumented split-belt treadmill at slow, moderate, and typical walking speeds (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 statures/s, respectively). Using motion capture and force data, 6 DOF powers were calculated for each constituent. Contrary to previously published results, 6 DOF positive relative ankle work and negative relative distal foot work increased significantly with increased speed during stance phase (p < 0.05). Similar to previous rotational DOF results in the sagittal plane, negative relative ankle work decreased significantly with increased speed during stance phase (p < 0.05). Scientifically, these findings provide new insight into how healthy individuals adapt to increased walking speed and suggest limitations of the rotational DOF approach for quantifying limb work. Clinically, the data presented here for unimpaired limbs can be used to compare with speed-matched data from limbs with impairments.     

禾本科叶片表皮结构细胞的组合式样及其分类学意义

利用光学显微镜,对禾本科204属373种植物的叶片表皮进行了观察。发现禾本科叶片表皮细胸细胞在下表面上的分布式样可以划分为5个基本类型,即竹型、稻型、黍型、虎尾草型和早熟禾型,而5个基本类型所附属的植物类群分别是禾本科中的竹亚科、稻亚科、虎尾草亚科早熟禾亚科。同时分析了这5个类型的演化水平,并同类群的外部形态、地理分布相印证,表明竹亚科最原始、稻亚科次之、黍亚科演化居中、虎尾草亚科较高级、早熟禾亚科最高级;禾本科可能起源于世界的热带区域。     

湖北产黄花蒿精油化学成分研究

湖北产黄花蒿鲜花香气强烈、独特。用气相色谱／质谱／计算机联用技术,气相色谱ＫＯＶＡＴＳ保留指数以及标样叠加等方法从其精油中鉴定了４７个化合物,占精油总量的９９．０８％,其中蒿酮、１,８－桉叶油素,樟脑,烯、β－蒎烯、丁香烯、后２甲－基－６－甲撑－３－辛二烯－２－醇、香桧烯、异龙脑为主要成分。