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Martin Pickford Brigitte Senut Dominique Gommery Ezra Musiime 《Comptes Rendus Palevol》2003,2(8):649-662
During the 1998–2003 field seasons of the Uganda Palaeontology Expedition, dental remains of three catarrhine species were recovered from Moroto II, Uganda. Micromammals from the locality indicate a late Early Miocene to basal Middle Miocene (ca 17.5–17 Ma) age, younger than Rusinga (17.8 Ma), but similar in age to Buluk (17.2 Ma) and Kalodirr (17.2 Ma). This paper describes and interprets new catarrhines from the site, one of which is a victoriapithecid monkey, the second a new genus and species of small-bodied ape, and the third a large hominoid. A fourth species collected in the 1960's is attibuted to Afropithecus turkanensis. To cite this article: M. Pickford et al., C. R. Palevol 2 (2003). 相似文献
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Andressa Duran Marcio R. Pie 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2015,69(9):2496-2506
Climatic niches have increasingly become a nexus in our understanding of a variety of ecological and evolutionary phenomena, from species distributions to latitudinal diversity gradients. Despite the increasing availability of comprehensive datasets on species ranges, phylogenetic histories, and georeferenced environmental conditions, studies on the evolution of climate niches have only begun to understand how niches evolve over evolutionary timescales. Here, using primates as a model system, we integrate recently developed phylogenetic comparative methods, species distribution patterns, and climatic data to explore primate climatic niche evolution, both among clades and over time. In general, we found that simple, constant‐rate models provide a poor representation of how climatic niches evolve. For instance, there have been shifts in the rate of climatic niche evolution in several independent clades, particularly in response to the increasingly cooler climates of the past 10 My. Interestingly, rate accelerations greatly outnumbered rate decelerations. These results highlight the importance of considering more realistic evolutionary models that allow for the detection of heterogeneity in the tempo and mode of climatic niche evolution, as well as to infer possible constraining factors for species distributions in geographical space. 相似文献
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I. W. J. Debyser 《International journal of primatology》1995,16(6):935-969
Juvenile mortality is an important problem in the development of captive populations. I compiled data from published literature
on abortion, premature mortality, stillbirth, and death of unweaned young. Cumulative mortality incidences (CMI) during the
first month in captive populations (CP) of Cercopithecoidea range between 13 and 51%, and CMI in the first year between 28
and 56%. Mortality rate during the first year ranges between <4 and 48% in free- ranging populations (FRP) and between 10
and 60% in wild populations (WP). Much of the juvenile mortality in CP appears to occur in the first month, whereas in FRP
and WP mortality is more scattered throughout the juvenile period. High mortality rates occur in both CP and WP of nonhuman
Hominoidea. Mortality rate during the first month in CP is between 12 and 36% for the Hylobatidae and between 18 and 31% for
the Pongidae. If the entire juvenile period is considered, gorilla CP and WP have comparable CMI, while CMI is higher in WP
than CP for chimpanzees. Most of the juvenile mortality in CP of chimpanzees occurs before the age of 1 year. Trauma, including
infanticide and maternal inadequacy, seems to be a more important factor in infant mortality of Cercopithecoidea than infectious
disease is. Relatively frequent reports of congenital, hereditary, and/or genetically determined malformations in the Cercopithecoidea
may be related to the long use of animals in this group for laboratory purposes. Infectious disease is the most important
cause of nonhuman hominoid juvenile mortality, followed by trauma and maternal disorders, particularly related aberrant maternal
behavior. Cercopithecoid juvenile mortality risk factors most frequently mentioned in the literature are sex of the infant
and rank of the mother: dominant females produce more female offspring, and juvenile males suffer higher mortality than females
do. The female skewed sex ratio at birth in gorillas and chimpanzees could be explained by the local resource competition
theory. Higher male mortality rates occur in nonhuman Hominoidea, except in two Hylobatesspp. and Pan paniscus,which have higher female mortality. Parity and rearing history of the mother are very important risk factors in nonhuman hominoid
infant mortality. 相似文献
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New material of the early anthropoid primate Qatrania wingi and a new species of that genus are described. Several features of the dental anatomy show that Qatrania, while quite primitive relative to other anthropoids in many ways, is most likely a parapithecid primate. The new material suggests that several dental features previously thought to ally parapithecids with the catarrhine primates were actually evolved in parallel in catarrhines and some parapithecids. Furthermore, all nonparapithecid anthropoids (including platyrrhines and catarrhines) share a suite of derived dental and postcranial features not found in parapithecids. Therefore, parapithecid origins may predate the platyrrhine/catarrhine split. 相似文献
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T. Geissmann 《Human Evolution》1987,2(6):547-555
It has been repeatedly suggested that twinning frequency in most catarrhine primates is approximately the same as in humans,
whereas the frequency in the chimpanzee and the gorilla might be higher. This study presents a re-evaluation of the evidence
from the pertinent literature. It can be demonstrated that most data on twinning frequency in Old World monkeys and apes should
not be used because of their small sample size. A lower limit of 1500 pregnancies is suggested here. If all frequency estimates
taken from smaller samples are rejected, only four estimates forMacaca mulatta andPapio hamadryas remain. The estimates range from 0.19 to 0.35% and are in fact lower than the frequencies of most (but necessarily all) human
populations. The published birth samples for apes are, however, relatively small, and the resulting twinning rates may not
be reliable. 相似文献
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John S. Adams Mercedes A. Gacad Robert K. Rude Mark Deseran David B. Endres Lawrence E. Mallette 《American journal of primatology》1987,13(4):425-433
Serum concentrations of the hormonal form of vitamin D3—1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2-D3]—are elevated in many genera of platyrrhines when compared to catarrhines; this elevation is presumed to result from a decrease in the ability of the target cell receptor effectively to recognize 1,25-(OH)2-D3. The activity of the renal 25-hydroxyvitumin D3-1α-hydroxylase, the mammalian enzyme which synthesizes the majority of the circulating 1,25-(OH)2-D3, is accelerated by parathyroid hormone (PTH). In order to determine whether the elevated serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 in platyrrhines were the result of relative hyperparathyroidism, we measured serum levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in normocalcemic platyrrhines, catarrhines, and human subjects with assays that recognize different domains of the human PTH molecule. Antisera directed against the biologically active, aminoterminus of PTH yielded comparable mean values for iPTH among three test groups. The mean concentration of iPTH as assessed by a “proximal” midregion assay was significantly reduced in platyrrhine serum when compared to either human or catarrhine serum. A “distal” midregion assay yielded a reduced mean value for iPTH in both platyrrhine and catarrhine serum when compared to human serum. These data suggest that 1) high circulating levels of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 in New World primates are not the result of hyperparathyroidism; and 2) structural homology between human and primate PTH diminishes progressively as one moves toward the carboxyterminus of the molecule and is lost more rapidly in the platyrrhine than in the catarrhine hormone. 相似文献
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T. Geissmann 《Human Evolution》1990,5(4):387-396
It has been repeatedly suggested that twinning frequency in most catarrhine primates is approximately the same as in humans,
whereas the frequency in the chimpanzee and the gorilla might be higher. This study presents a re-evaluation of the evidence
from the pertinent literature. It can be demonstrated that most data on twinning frequency in Old World monkeys and apes should
not be used because of their small sample size. A lower limit of 1500 pregnancies is suggested here. If all frequency estimates
taken from smaller samples are rejected, only four estimates forMacaca mulatta andPapio hamadryas remain. The estimates range from 0.19 to 0.35% and are in fact lower than the frequencies of most (but necessarily all) human
populations. The published birth samples for apes are, however, relatively small, and the resulting twinning rates may not
be reliable.
A republication, occasioned by publisher's errors, of this article that originally appeared in Human Evolution 2: 547–555
(1987). It is recommended that all references to this article be cited from the present publication. 相似文献
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