Location and distribution of symbiotic bacteria during floral development in Ardisia crispa

Abstract. The location and distribution of symbiotic bacteria during floral development in Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A.DC., a species characterized by bacterial leaf nodules, has been studied using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. During early floral development, bacteria in mucilage derived from host plant trichomes, become enclosed in a small conical chamber on top of the placenta, as a result of the closure and fusion of the carpel initials. The placental epidermal cells, which appear to be secretory in nature, become detached apically in places forming a network of grooves which traverse the placental surface. The symbiotic bacteria are preferentially located in these grooves. As growth and development of the placenta proceed, the grooves widen and deepen to form channels. The cells lining these channels secrete a mucilaginous material. The network of channels covers the entire placental surface and terminates at the placental margins surrounding the ovules. Bacteria are found within the channels, at the ends of the channels near the margin of the placenta, on the surface of the ovules and in the micropyle. It is suggested that these mucilage-filled channels are responsible for, and a prerequisite of, ensuring that the bacterial partner is efficiently transmitted from one host generation to the next by providing a mechanism by which the bacteria arc accurately placed within the developing seed.     

中国紫金牛属一新种

中国紫金牛属一新种胡启明（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）关键词紫金牛属;光萼紫金牛;新种ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＡＲＤＩＳＩＡＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＨｕＣｈｉｍｉｎｇ（ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,Ａｃａｄｅｍ...     

走马胎的组织培养与快速繁殖

以走马胎(Ardisia gigantifolia)幼嫩茎段为外植体, 通过腋芽增殖的方式进行组织培养和快速繁殖研究。结果表明, 培养基MS+1.0 mg·L ^-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L ^-1NAA和MS+0.5 mg·L ^-1 ZT均可用于腋芽的诱导和前期继代培养, 诱导率分别为89.3%和85.7%; 芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L ^-16-BA+0.1 mg·L ^-1ZT+0.1 mg·L ^-1NAA, 增殖系数为4.3倍; 根诱导最佳培养基为1/2MS+1.5 mg·L ^-1 IAA+1.0 mg·L ^-1 NAA, 生根率达92.3%, 且根系发达, 植株健壮; 生根苗在混合基质园土:泥炭:珍珠岩=3:1:1 (v/v/v )中移栽成活率为82%。该研究建立了走马胎种苗的组织培养快速繁殖技术体系, 且可应用于规模化生产。     

走马胎的组织培养与快速繁殖

以走马胎(Ardisia gigantifolia)幼嫩茎段为外植体, 通过腋芽增殖的方式进行组织培养和快速繁殖研究。结果表明, 培养基MS+1.0 mg·L ^-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L ^-1NAA和MS+0.5 mg·L ^-1 ZT均可用于腋芽的诱导和前期继代培养, 诱导率分别为89.3%和85.7%; 芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L ^-16-BA+0.1 mg·L ^-1ZT+0.1 mg·L ^-1NAA, 增殖系数为4.3倍; 根诱导最佳培养基为1/2MS+1.5 mg·L ^-1 IAA+1.0 mg·L ^-1 NAA, 生根率达92.3%, 且根系发达, 植株健壮; 生根苗在混合基质园土:泥炭:珍珠岩=3:1:1 (v/v/v )中移栽成活率为82%。该研究建立了走马胎种苗的组织培养快速繁殖技术体系, 且可应用于规模化生产。     

Resiliency and response to hurricane disturbance in atropical shrub, Ardisia escallonioides (Myrsinaceae), in southFlorida

The resiliency to hurricane disturbance and the response toposthurricane environmental conditions were examined in the tropicalshrub Ardisia escallonioides (Myrsinaceae). Hurricane Andrewstruck three of four study sites in subtropical hardwood forests insouth Florida on 24 August 1992. Posthurricane understory light levelsin the disturbed sites ranged from 21 to 53% of full light in1993 and remained high in 1994; in contrast, light levels averaged only9% in the undisturbed forest. Significant differences inmortality, damage, and defoliation were observed among the threehurricane-damaged populations. Mortality was low, but adults sufferedhigh levels of damage and defoliation. Following the hurricane,populations in the most severely disturbed forests had more growth thanpopulations in lightly damaged or undamaged forests. Seed germinationand seedling growth were not associated with light availability. Nolong-term seed dormancy was observed. The observed response toposthurricane environmental conditions is consistent with understoryspecies that show release following canopy opening, but are able topersist under periods of canopy closure. The local dominance of thisspecies in many coastal forests in south Florida may be due to the highfrequency of hurricanedisturbance.     

走马胎灰分对光的响应特征及其与生长指标的相关性

为探究光照强度和光质对走马胎(Ardisia giantifolia)灰分积累的影响，利用遮阳网和薄膜设定4个光照梯度(100%、60%、40%、20%全光照)和4种光质(绿、白、蓝、红)，分析了基径、株高以及生物量的响应特征，以及灰分与生长指标的关系。结果表明，走马胎灰分含量在绿光下随着光照强度的减弱而呈减少的趋势，在白光下随着光照强度的减弱呈现“低-高-低-高”的波动变化，在蓝光或红光下没有显著变化；在100%光照强度下，白光的灰分含量最低，与其余光照强度存在显著差异; 在60%、40%、20%光照强度下，光质对走马胎灰分含量的影响不显著。走马胎灰分含量与株高、基径和生物量间不存在明显的相关性；随着光照强度的减弱，走马胎的株高、基径以及生物量均呈现增加的趋势，且在白光下达到最大。因此，光照对走马胎灰分的积累和生长指标均有影响，种植走马胎时要选择适当遮荫强度或郁闭度较高的林型。     

浙江紫金牛属一新变型——黄果朱砂根

报道了发现于浙江苍南县的紫金牛属一新变型--黄果朱砂根(Ardisia crenata Sims f.xanthocarpa F.Y.Zhang et G.Y.Li),该新变型果实为黄色,而原变型为鲜红色.     

中国紫金牛属圆齿组果实微形态特征研究

对国产紫金牛科紫金牛属圆齿组(Ardisia Sect. Crispardisia)16种植物的果实表面进行了扫描电镜观察。经观察果实为球形,表面多无毛,稀有柔毛。多数种具腺点,极少数无腺点或不明显,腺点疣状、粒状或横棒状,腺点常与果实表面突起具对应关系。果实表面纹饰大致可分为3种:基本平滑、多皱、波状网纹。某些种不同部位的纹饰差异较为明显。本研究结果对种间鉴别具有重要意义,并且不支持将珍珠伞A. maculosa归并入钮子果A. polysticta中。     

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林两种优势树种的生境适应研究:叶片功能性状和水力结构特征

植物在长期的进化和发展过程中,通过与环境相互作用形成了适应环境的形态结构及生理特征,反映了植物适应环境的生态策略;在森林群落中,地形和土壤等的变异常导致生境的异质性,从而直接或者间接影响物种的分布格局。因此,在生境异质性较强的森林群落中,植物物种分布格局与其生态适应策略有何关系,是值得关注的问题。该文以鼎湖山南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林20 hm2监测样地为平台,针对两种常绿优势树种罗伞树(Ardisia quinquegona)和光叶山黄皮(Aidia canthioides),对比研究了两种植物的叶片功能性状和水力结构特征在山脊、山坡、山谷三种不同生境中的生态适应策略,以阐明物种分布格局与其生态适应策略的关系。结果表明:罗伞树主要是通过调整叶面积(LA)、木材密度(WD)及渗透调节来适应不同生境;光叶山黄皮主要通过调整比叶面积(SLA)、WD及渗透调节,采取养分有效保存(低SLA,高干物质含量)及慢生长高存活的策略以适应不同生境,适应环境能力更强,尤其是在山脊和山坡生境;而且影响两个树种叶片功能性状和水力结构的主导土壤因子有所不同。研究结果说明罗伞树和光叶山黄皮对山脊和山坡生境比山谷更为适应,但在叶片功能性状和水力结构特征方面的生境适应策略不同。