Simplicillium spumae (Cordycipitaceae,Hypocreales), a new hyphomycetes from aquarium foam in Japan

Five Simplicillium isolates were obtained from foam generated in an aquarium in Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Using a combination of micro-morphological characteristics and multigene (ITS, SSU, LSU, TEF) phylogenics, the isolates were identified as S. subtropicum and a new species which were previously undescribed. Simplicillium spumae, which is a new species, differs from known Simplicillium species in the morphology of their conidia and conidiophores.     

Metarhizium brachyspermum sp. nov. (Clavicipitaceae), a new species parasitic on Elateridae from Japan

Ascomata of a Metarhizium species were collected from Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. The ascomata were similar to M. kalasinense in its host preference for elaterids, olive-green clavate stromata, and obliquely immersed perithecia, but the asci and ascospores were significantly shorter in length than those of the latter species. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the elongation factor 1-alpha gene showed that the Japanese species was phylogenetically distinctive in the M. anisopliae lineage, including M. kalasinense. Accordingly, we describe a new species, M. brachyspermum. Isolates of this species produced olive-green conidial masses on the surface of the colony. Also, hyphal anastomoses between two metulae were often observed on conidiophores.     

Metapochonia hahajimaensis (Clavicipitaceae,Hypocreales), a new species from soil in Hahajima Island,Tokyo, Japan

A new species, Metapochonia hahajimaensis is proposed. Three isolates were obtained from soil samples collected from Hahajima, Ogasawara Islands, Tokyo, Japan. Using a combination of morphological characteristics and multigene (ITS, SSU, LSU, TEF) phylogenics, the isolates were identified as a Metapochonia species which were previously undescribed. The new species is distinguished from the closely-related M. bulbillosa and M. goniodes or other Metapochonia taxa by conidial size and colonial characteristics.     

Staphylotrichum boninense, a new hyphomycete (Chaetomiaceae) from soils in the Bonin Islands, Japan

Staphylotrichum boninense, a new hyphomycete classified in the Chaetomiaceae (Ascomycota), was isolated from soils in the Bonin Islands, Japan. It is characterized morphologically by the production of yellow-orange colonies and subglobose holoblastic conidia. Morphologically the species is similar to S. coccosporum, but it is significantly different from S. coccosporum in phylogeny and also differs with respect to its secondary metabolite profile.     

西藏冬虫夏草无性型的分子生物学研究

从西藏采集的冬虫夏草子实体中分离出 3个菌株C3、C4、C5,通过培养特征的研究以及采用分子生物学方法 ,以rDNAITS区为分子指标 ,与冬虫夏草 [Cordycepssinensis(Berk .)Sacc.) ]的有性世代及中国被毛孢 (HirsutellasinensisLiu ,Guo,Yu&Zeng)进行比较分析 ,发现C4的培养特征与C3、C5 完全不同 ,其序列与冬虫夏草的相似率为 93 %,与中国被毛孢的相似率为 94%,而C3、C5 与冬虫夏草的相似率很低 (分别为 5 5 %和 6 9%) ,从而证明C4是西藏冬虫夏草的无性型 ,为中国被毛孢。     

确证冬虫夏草无性型的分子生物学证据I.中国被毛孢与冬虫夏草之间的关系

从青海的冬虫夏草子实体上分离出中国被毛孢［Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓ　ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｂｅｒｋ．）Ｓａｃｃ．］,并利用ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ技术,筛选出８种引物,获得了冬虫夏草和中国被毛抱相应的基因组ＤＮＡ指纹图谱,两者相似率高达９６％,从而表明冬虫夏草的无性型为中国被毛孢。     

Lecanicillium and Verticillium species from Indonesia and Japan including three new species

Forty-six Lecanicillium strains and one Verticillium strain were isolated from subterranean and epiphytic arthropods, soil, and other sources collected in Indonesia and Japan. These strains were identified as nine Lecanicillium and one Verticillium species including six undescribed species based on light microscopy and the sequences of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions including 5.8S ribosomal DNA. Four of the ten species (L. araneicola, L. kalimantanense, Lecanicillium sp. 4, and V. indonesiacum) were recovered from Indonesia, five of the ten (L. attenuatum, L. fusisporum, L. psalliotae, Lecanicillium sp. 1, and Lecanicillium sp. 3) were from Japan, and L. saksenae was from both countries. In this article, new species (L. araneicola, L. kalimantanense, and V. indonesiacum) and a new combination (L. saksenae) are proposed from the fungi isolated from epiphytic and subterranean arthropods collected in East Kalimantan.     

菜豆炭疽菌有性态研究

在引起菜豆炭疽病的 Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. Et Magn．)Br. EtCav．大量培养物中,发现一个在低温培养保存中丧失产生分生孢子能力而仅产生子囊壳的菌系。对其形态学、培养特征、单子囊孢子培养的研究及与有关种的形态比较结果表明,这个源于分生孢子的子囊菌培养物是菜豆小丛壳Glomerella lindemuthianum Shear。这个培养物经人工接种菜豆,再分离时首先产生无性态分生孢子,经数代培养又回复有性态,表明有性过程的产生是同宗配合的。这种有性与无性阶段之间的交替和联系,证明这是一个全型态真菌,即菜豆小丛壳 G. lindemuthianum 是无性态荣豆炭疽菌C．Lindemuthianum 的有性态。     

Detection of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the roots of plants in alpine meadows by nested-touchdown polymerase chain reaction

Ophiocordyceps sinensis, one of the most important income sources of rural Tibetan families, is an entomopathogenic fungus that parasitizes the ghost moth Thitarodes larvae, which live in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau and in the Himalayas. The annual yield of O. sinensis has gradually declined in recent years. However, there is no effective method to sustain or increase the yield of O. sinensis artificially because the life cycle of the O. sinensis anamorph remains unclear. Here we detected O. sinensis in alpine plant roots by nested-touchdown polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Forty-two alpine plant species were screened. The roots from 23 alpine plant species (54.76 %) tested positive including 13 families and 18 genera. The detection results indicate that O. sinensis is present in the plant roots during the anamorph life cycle, to deal with harsh conditions in alpine habitats and have an increased opportunity to infect the larvae. The finding provides new information regarding the biology and ecology of O. sinensis that may be used to sustain this valuable resource.     

丝虫草及其无性型关系的分子确证

目的对丝虫草（Ophiocordyceps filiform is）及从子囊孢子分离所得的无性型进行测序和比较分析,确证二者之间的对应关系。方法采用PCR技术,以rDNA-ITS区为分子指标。结果系统进化树显示丝虫草的无性型归为被毛孢属较为合理,同时通过形态特征比较的结果表明,其无性型为荔波被毛孢（Hirsutella liboensis）。结论本研究首次确立了丝虫草的有性型与无性型的对应关系,并且成功培育出了与天然丝虫草相同的虫草子实体。