定制特性蛋白质成可能

一项研究发现，人们从婴儿开始成长的最初几十年内，大脑皮层的发育正重演着人类从猿类中分化出来并进一步演化的历程。     

三氧化物多聚体在青少年恒牙根尖诱导成形术中的疗效评价

目的针对未成年人的恒牙根尖病变,采用无机三氧化物聚合体(MTA)根尖诱导成形术进行青少年恒牙牙根疾病的临床疗效评价。方法选择8~15岁患者128例。根管感染的根尖未发育完成年轻恒牙共146颗,随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组共66颗,应用MTA根尖诱导。对照组共80颗采用常规Ca(OH)2根尖诱导。患者治疗后每3个月复诊1次,随访1年进行疗效评价。结果随访1年,试验组术后总有效率为92.42%,对照组总有效率为47.50%,两组患者结果比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.37,P0.05)。结论在未成年人根尖诱导成形术中MTA对治疗年轻恒牙根尖尚未形成的患牙的效果优于常规诱导方法。     

Effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol,China

Aims Grazing intensity and grazing exclusion affect ecosystem carbon cycling by changing the plant community and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol; 2) to compare the difference between above-ground and below-ground litter decomposition; 3) to identify the effects of precipitation on litter production and decomposition. Methods We measured litter production, quality, decomposition rates and soil nutrient contents during the growing season in 2011 and 2012 in four plots, i.e. light grazing, heavy grazing, light grazing exclusion and heavy grazing exclusion. Quadrate surveys and litter bags were used to measure litter production and decomposition rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation procedures in SPSS. Important findings Litter production and decomposition rates differed greatly among four plots. During the two years of our study, above-ground litter production and decomposition in heavy-grazing plots were faster than those in light-grazing plots. In the dry year, below-ground litter production and decomposition in light-grazing plots were faster than those in heavy-grazing plots, which is opposite to the findings in the wet year. Short-term grazing exclusion could promote litter production, and the exclusion of light-grazing could increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In contrast, heavy-grazing exclusion decreased litter decomposition. Thus, grazing exclusion is beneficial to the restoration of the light-grazing grasslands, and more human management measures are needed during the restoration of heavy-grazing grasslands. Precipitation increased litter production and decomposition, and below-ground litter was more vulnerable to the inter-annual change of precipitation than above-ground litter. Compared to the light-grazing grasslands, heavy-grazing grasslands had higher sensitivity to precipitation. The above-ground litter decomposition was strongly positively correlated with the litter N content (R² = 0.489, p < 0.01) and strongly negatively correlated with the soil total N content (R² = 0.450, p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with C:N and lignin:N. Below-ground litter decomposition was negatively correlated with the litter C (R² = 0.263, p < 0.01), C:N (R² = 0.349, p < 0.01) and cellulose content (R² = 0.460, p < 0.01). Our results will provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and the research of carbon cycling.     

人工子宫的研究现状与展望

在长达50年的研究过程中，人工子宫在3个层面（人工保育箱、人工子宫人和人工胎盘）上被探讨。日本的Yoshinori Kuwabara教授和美国的刘鸿清（Liu Hung-Ching）教授在人工子宫和人工胎盘领域取得了引人注目的成果。重点介绍两位研究者的成果，并讨论了人工子宫研究存在的问题和可能的解决方案，以及人工子宫研究对人类伦理道德的可能冲突。     

华北地区针叶林下凋落物层化学性质的研究

森林凋落物中贮积了大量的有机、无机养分物质,它是森林土壤自然肥力的重要来源之一。在森林生态系统中,养分物质的内部循环主要是通过凋落物来实现的。在分解、转化过     

不同海拔地区种植的水稻地上部干物质的生产和分配

根据1983—1985年“高原水稻高产栽培的生理生态规律研究”中低热的元江(海拔400米左右)、温凉的昆明(约1900米)和冷凉的丽江(约2400米)的资料,以六个处理、十八个小区、三年总平均值,比较了不同海拔地区种植的水稻中地上部干物质生产和分配的总趋势。主要结果如下: 1.全生育期总的干物质生产量以温凉地区最高,低热地区居中,冷凉地区最低。 2.抽穗前干物质生产速率和齐穗期干物重占黄熟期干物重的比例随海拔降低而增加;抽穗期至黄熟期干物质生产速率,以温凉地区最高,低热地区居中,冷凉地区最低,但低热地区低于前期,高海拔地区高于前期,不过冷凉的丽江增加的更多。 3.抽穗前(旗叶完全展开后)叶干重占当时植株总干重的比例,随海拔升高而降低。 4.抽穗期至黄熟期的次库(茎 叶鞘)干重的改变,不同海拔地区种植的水稻表现不同:低热地区减重,温凉地区稍增,冷凉地区明显增加。 5.与高海拔地区种植的水稻相比,在黄熟期低海拔地区的有较高的穗重/总重和穗增重/总增重的比例。另外低海拔地区的穗增重超过总增重。结实率和谷/草比例均随海拔增高而减低。     

赤子爱胜蚓对尼罗罗非鱼摄食引诱作用的实验观察

用机械一电换能器和记录仪记录鱼对食物球啄咬次数的方法,观察食物球巾含有赤子爱胜蚓麋时对鱼摄食的引诱作用。实验结果表明赤子爱胜蚓麋对尼罗罗非鱼是很有效的摄食引诱物。和对照组相比,含蚓靡2％组已有显著差异(P<0.05),含4％组则有非常显著差异(P<0.01),但含4％组和6％组并无显著差异(P>0.05),可见含4％组所用蚓糜量较少而引诱效果相对较大,可认为是最佳配方。本文为配制罗非鱼颗粒饲料用赤子爱胜蚓糜作为促摄物添加剂提供了资料。