神经梅毒5例临床分析

目的：探讨梅毒感染后致神经系统损害的临床特征,加强对神经梅毒的认识。方法：回顾性分析5例神经梅毒患者的临床特点、血清学变化、影像学资料。结果：5例梅毒血清学检查、脑脊液梅毒检查均阳性,5例头核磁检查存在特异性改变（4例冠状住可见海马异常信号）,临床特征缺乏特异性。结论：神经梅毒好发于中年男性,梅毒全身症状可不明显,其临床表现多样,容易误诊和漏诊,临床应重视对患者临床特征识别,尤其对患者脑脊液及影像学检查结果识别,对神经梅毒患者的诊治有重要的现实意义。     

Distribution of the molossinus allele of Sry, the testis-determining gene, in wild mice

When the Y chromosome of the laboratory inbred mouse strain C57BL/6 (B6) is replaced by the Y of certain strains of Mus musculus domesticus, testis determination fails and all XY fetuses develop either as hermaphrodites or XY females (XY sex reversal). This suggests the presence of at least two alleles of Sry, the male-determining gene on the Y:M. m. domesticus and B6. The B6 Y chromosome is derived from the Japanese house mouse, M. m. molossinus and therefore carries a molossinus Sry allele. As a first step to determine how the molossinus Sry allele evolved, its distribution pattern was determined in wild mice. The cumulative data of 96 M. musculus samples obtained from 58 geographical locations in Europe, North Africa, and Asia show the molossinus Sry allele is restricted to Japan and the neighboring Asian mainland and confirm that Japanese M. m. molossinus mice were derived in part from a race of M. m. musculus from Korea or Manchuria. Sry polymorphisms, as illustrated by the molossinus Sry allele, can serve as molecular markers for studies on the evolution of wild M. musculus populations and can help determine the role sex determination plays in speciation.      

Hybrid origin of Japanese mice "Mus musculus molossinus": evidence from restriction analysis of mitochondrial DNA

The Japanese mouse, Mus musculus molossinus, has long been considered an independent subspecies of the house mouse. A survey of restriction- site haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) showed that Japanese mice have two main maternal lineages. The most common haplotype is closely related to the mtDNA of the European subspecies M. m. musculus. The other common haplotype and two minor ones are closely related to each other and to the mtDNA of an Asiatic subspecies, M. m. castaneus. Two other rare variants are probably the result of recent contamination by European M. m. domesticus. The musculus type of mtDNA is found in the southern two-thirds of Japan, whereas the common castaneus type is found in the northern third and the minor variants are found sporadically throughout Japan. The castaneus mtDNA lineage had a few minor variants, whereas the musculus lineage was completely monomorphic. By contrast, the native population of M. m. castaneus and the Chinese and Korean musculus populations were highly polymorphic. These results suggest that M. m. molossinus is a hybrid between ancestral colonies, possibly very small, of M. m. musculus and M. m. castaneus, rather than an independent subspecies.