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1.
Retardation of bone development was observed in the Koshima troop of free ranging Japanese macaques. In the control group,
epiphyseal unions of appendicular long bones generally started to close at about 4 yrs of age and were completed at about
8 or 9 yrs of age. Limb bone unions of the Koshima troop, however, started to close at about 9 yrs of age and completely closed
at about 15 yrs of age. In the epiphyseal unions of trunk and girdle bones, the Koshima troop again showed a retardation of
closure compared with the control group. Until long bones reached their full length, that is, until about 15 yrs of age, their
size was small in the Koshima troop compared with the control group, though the sample size of the Koshima troop was small.
After 15 yrs of age, however, many osteometrical measurements of the Koshima troop were nearly the same as controls. A prolonged
growing duration compensated for the slow growth and allowed them to become as large as controls. This prolongation may be
an adaptation in response to small size during the developmental period.
In some parts of the body, however, Koshima macaques failed to reach the adult size of controls. Males were less likely than
females to reach full size. Causes of the retardation and small size in the Koshima troop are discussed, but they remain open
to further studies. 相似文献
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6.
Yuzuru Hamada Toshifumi Udono Migaku Teramoto Ikuo Hayasaka 《Primates; journal of primatology》1998,39(2):157-169
Skeletal developmental of chimpanzees was studied cross-sectionally. By application of the TW2 method, we described the skeletal
development of chimpanzees and compared their skeletal development with humans'. A development pattern of chimpanzees repeated
accelerations and decelerations displaying “early-juvenile trough,” “pre-adolescent peak,” “mid-adolescent trough,” and “post-adolescent
peak” in incremental curves. Sex differences in skeletal development are slower development in males during infant and early
juvenile phases, and greater increment around the adolescent phase in males. Females are fully mature at younger ages than
males, e.g. about one and a half years. In comparison with chimpanzees, humans have such characteristics as a longer slower
period of juvenile development and a shorter spurt-like adolescent fast period which ends with full maturity. 相似文献
7.
Yuzuru Suzawa 《Ichthyological Research》2006,53(4):315-322
A new species of spinous loach, Cobitis shikokuensis, is described based on 297 specimens from Shikoku Island, Japan. The new species was formerly known as the Shikoku group
of Cobitis takatsuensis. It can be distinguished from other species of Cobitis and closely related genera by a combination of the following characters: dorsal fin with 6 branched soft rays; anal fin with
5 branched soft rays; one brownish streak across eye from the tip of nose, no streak on cheek; a black spot smaller than eye
diameter near the dorsal corner of the caudal fin base; 3–5 small brownish speckles on ventral side of caudal peduncle; high
caudal peduncle with well-developed fleshy keels on dorsal and ventral side; a lamina circularis at base of dorsal part of
pectoral fin absent; first branched soft ray of pectoral fin broad in males; pectoral soft rays widely branched from the approximate
midpoint; last anal fin ray with 2 elements; interorbital width 11.2–17.1% of head length. 相似文献
8.
Yuzuru Itoh Shun-ichi Sekine Shiro Suetsugu Shigeyuki Yokoyama 《Nucleic acids research》2013,41(13):6729-6738
Selenocysteine (Sec) is translationally incorporated into proteins in response to the UGA codon. The tRNA specific to Sec (tRNASec) is first ligated with serine by seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS). In the present study, we determined the 3.1 Å crystal structure of the tRNASec from the bacterium Aquifex aeolicus, in complex with the heterologous SerRS from the archaeon Methanopyrus kandleri. The bacterial tRNASec assumes the L-shaped structure, from which the long extra arm protrudes. Although the D-arm conformation and the extra-arm orientation are similar to those of eukaryal/archaeal tRNASecs, A. aeolicus tRNASec has unique base triples, G14:C21:U8 and C15:G20a:G48, which occupy the positions corresponding to the U8:A14 and R15:Y48 tertiary base pairs of canonical tRNAs. Methanopyrus kandleri SerRS exhibited serine ligation activity toward A. aeolicus tRNASec
in vitro. The SerRS N-terminal domain interacts with the extra-arm stem and the outer corner of tRNASec. Similar interactions exist in the reported tRNASer and SerRS complex structure from the bacterium Thermus thermophilus. Although the catalytic C-terminal domain of M. kandleri SerRS lacks interactions with A. aeolicus tRNASec in the present complex structure, the conformational flexibility of SerRS is likely to allow the CCA terminal region of tRNASec to enter the SerRS catalytic site. 相似文献
9.
Rumiko Nakashita Yuzuru Hamada Eishi Hirasaki Juri Suzuki Toru Oi 《Primates; journal of primatology》2013,54(3):271-281
We determined the magnitude of isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (as enrichment factors, Δδ13C and Δδ15N, respectively) between the tissues and diets of captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) using a controlled feeding experiment, to provide basic data for reconstructing their feeding habits. The Δδ13C and Δδ15N values, respectively, were 0.9 ± 0.2 ‰ (mean ± standard deviation, SD) and 3.0 ± 0.3 ‰ for whole blood, 1.3 ± 0.2 ‰ and 4.3 ± 0.3 ‰ for plasma, and 0.8 ± 0.2 ‰ and 3.0 ± 0.2 ‰ for red blood cells. However, the Δδ13C and Δδ15N values for hair were 2.8 ± 0.3 ‰ and 3.4 ± 0.2 ‰, respectively. No difference was detected in the δ13C and δ15N values of hair sampled from different parts of the body. We investigated the effects of diet on δ13C in growing hair by alternating the diet of the macaques each month between two diets that differed markedly in δ13C. Hair regrown after shaving repeatedly recorded the δ13C of the diet consumed during the time of hair growth. On the other hand, hair naturally grown during the diet-change experiment did not show a clear pattern. One possible reason is that the hair had grown abnormally under unnatural indoor conditions and showed complicated isotope signatures. To reconstruct the long-term feeding history of Japanese macaques, we need to further clarify the relationships between the stable isotope signature of diet and various body tissues. 相似文献
10.
Norio Kurihara Yuzuru Sanemitsu Tomio Kimura Masaharu Kobayashi Minoru Nakajima Yoshiyuki Tamura 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(5):784-797
β-BTC(3, 4/5, 6),1) γ-BTC(3, 4, 6/5), and ε-BTC(3, 4, 5/6) were synthesized from α-BTC (3, 6/4, 5) by stepwise routes. 相似文献