新疆分离细菌的提取物对λ噬菌体紫外诱导的抑制作用

本研究从我国夏季高温、强辐射的新疆塔里木地区采集样品,进行了细菌的分离、纯化及分类鉴定。用丙酮萃取法抽提39个分离菌株的培养产物,通过高效液相色谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱分析其主要组分;利用λ噬菌体紫外诱导系统研究抽提物清除自由基的能力。高效液相色谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱分析的结果表明:多数分离菌株丙酮提取物的主要组分为类胡萝卜素物质。λ噬菌体紫外诱导系统抑制实验结果表明:29个菌株的丙酮提取物对λ噬菌体的紫外诱导具有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制率最高达81%。不同菌株之间的比较试验显示不同属细菌的丙酮提取物对λ噬菌体紫外诱导系统的抑制效果存在很大差异,其中以Methylobacterium的抑制作用最强;不同颜色菌株提取物的抑制效果也出现较大差异;Koanria中不同颜色菌株的抑制效果也有类似结果。本文为类胡萝卜素可能是该类细菌具有抗辐射能力的内因之一提供了直接证据。同时,也证实了λ噬菌体紫外诱导系统是一种很好的探讨细菌抗辐射机理的研究模型。     

Depolymerization of cortical microtubules is not a primary cause of chilling injury in corn (Zea mays L. cv Black Mexican Sweet) suspension culture cells

Cold-induced depolymerization of cortical microtubules were examined in suspension culture cells of corn (Zea mays L. cv Black Mexican Sweet) at various stages of chilling. In an attempt to determine whether microtubule depolymerization contributes to chilling injury, experiments were carried out with and without abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment, since ABA reduces the severity of chilling injury in these cells. Microtubule depolymerization was detectable after 1 h at 4°C and became more extensive as the chilling was prolonged. There was little chilling injury after 1 d at 4°C in either ABA-treated or non-ABA-treated cells. After 3 d at 4°C, there was about 26% injury for ABA-treated and 40% injury for non-ABA-treated cells, as evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride reduction and by regrowth. After 1d at 4°C, less than 10% of cells retained full arrays of microtubules in both ABA-treated and non-ABA-treated cells, the remainder having either partial arrays or no microtubules. After 3d at 4°C, about 90% of cells showed complete or almost complete depolymerization of microtubules in both ABA-treated and non-ABA-treated cells. ABA did not stabilize the cortical microtubules against cold-induced depolymerization. In about 66% of ABA-treated cells and 57% of non-ABA-treated cells that had been held at 4°C for 3d, repolymerization of cortical microtubules occurred after 3h at 28°C. These results argue against the hypothesis that depolymerization of cortical microtubules is a primary cause of chilling injury.     

The youngest split in sympatric schizothoracine fish (Cyprinidae) is shaped by ecological adaptations in a Tibetan Plateau glacier lake

Although new empirical evidence shows that sympatric speciation has occurred in some species, there are few indisputable model organisms for this process of speciation. The two subspecies ( Gymnocypris eckloni eckloni and G . e . scoliostomus ) of the schizothoracine Gymnocypris fish species complex from a small glacier lake in the Tibetan Plateau, Lake Sunmcuo, fit several of the key characteristics of the sympatric speciation model. We used combined mitochondrial control region sequences and the cytochrome b gene (1894 bp) to address the phylogenetics and population genetics of 232 specimens of G . e . eckloni and G . e . scoliostomus , as well as all of its closely related sister species. We found that: (i) a total of four old lineages were uncovered in the widespread G . e . eckloni , of which only one was shown to be shared with all G . e . scoliostomus individuals and (ii) the new subspecies ( G . e . scoliostomus ) evolved in Lake Sunmcuo from the ancestral G . e . eckloni population within approximately 0.057 Ma. These two taxa of the species complex are morphologically distinct, and reproductive isolation is further suggested. Ecological disruptive selection based on morphological traits (e.g. mouth cleft characters) and food utilization may be a mechanism of incipient speciation of two sympatric populations within Lake Sunmcuo. This study provides the first genetic evidence for sympatric speciation in the schizothoracine fish.     

A simple, rapid and effective method for total RNA extraction from Lentinula edodes

A rapid, inexpensive and reliable method for total RNA extraction from fruiting bodies of Lentinula edodes containing large quantities of polysaccharides and secondary metabolites is described. An initial extraction step using saturated NaCl solution facilitates the separation of nucleic acids from contaminants and, after further extraction with organic solvents and precipitation with 2-propanol, total RNA of high purity and suitable for applications such as cDNA synthesis, RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridization was obtained. The procedure may also have wider applicability for total RNA extraction from the tissues of other mushrooms.     

地椒花蜜腺发育的解剖学观察

通过显微和亚显微观察对地椒花蜜腺的发育进行了研究。地椒花蜜腺位于子房基部的花盘上,属于盘状蜜腺,新鲜时呈绿色。蜜腺由分泌表皮和泌蜜组织组成,分泌表皮为一层细胞,表皮细胞角质膜较厚,表皮上分布着大量的气孔器,气孔器突出于表面;泌蜜组织细胞多层。花盘中央有维管束通向子房,在维管束和泌蜜组织之间有４￣５层大型的薄壁细胞。蜜腺由花盘的表皮及其内侧相邻的细胞发育而来,在发育过程中,其细胞中的液泡和贮藏的淀粉     

仿生态养殖技术在淡水养殖中的应用

文章对河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)繁殖过程中鱼巢选择、鱼卵孵化、产后亲本和苗种生长情况及同类残食进行了相关研究。结果显示, 河川沙塘鳢亲本对鱼巢的选择为池塘四周中层水体的鱼巢; 苗种最佳孵化方式为孵化缸带雄鱼孵化, 该种方式水霉发生率最低(29.13%)。通过对亲本池与苗种池河川沙塘鳢生长和繁殖力的周年监测, 发现鱼苗9月特定生长率最大, 10月明显下降, 冬季接近于0, 至次年繁殖期降为负值, 繁殖过后迅速回升; 亲本特定生长率变化趋势与苗种相似, 不同的是亲本在10月特定生长率最大。鱼苗生长至次年能完成性腺发育并参与繁殖, 绝对繁殖力为(1157±666)粒, 显著低于亲本池(2570±943)粒, 但相对繁殖力[(112.78±19.97)粒/g]显著高于亲本池[(89.05±26.25)粒/g]。此外, 文章基于养殖过程中出现同类残食现象, 构建了预测模型TLprey=0.701TLcannibal –8.043, 提出苗种培育的分级培育技术, 建议在集约化养殖中将全长比值相差1.55倍的个体分开培育。文章丰富了河川沙塘鳢人工繁育技术。

     

Telomere and telomerase in oncology

Telomere and cell replicative senescenceTelomeres, which are located at the end of chro-mosome, are crucial to protect chromosome againstdegeneration, rearrangment and end to end fusion[1].Human telomeres are tandemly repeated units of thehexanucleotide TTAGGG. The estimated length oftelomeric DNA varies from 2 to 20 kilo base pairs,depending on factors such as tissue type and hu-man age. The buck of telomeric DNA is double-stranded, but the end of telomeric DNA consists of3' overhang of…     

不同降水条件下沙鞭种群非生殖株丛空间格局分析

植物空间分布格局是物种自身生物学特性与环境因素共同作用的结果,非生殖株丛空间分布格局能够揭示物种无性繁殖与种群扩张过程对异质生境的生态学适应机制。利用基于完全随机、泊松聚块和嵌套双聚块模型的点格局方法和群落学调查,分析了沙鞭(Psammochloa villosa)种群非生殖株丛空间分布格局,探讨了空间格局对降水梯度的响应和适应过程。结果表明：(1)聚集分布是沙鞭种群非生殖株丛的主要类型。在89 mm/a、107.8 mm/a、117.4 mm/a、186 mm/a、191.1 mm/a、363 mm/a降水梯度上聚集尺度分别为3—126 cm、9—200 cm、9—129 cm、6—77 cm、2—95 cm、2—96 cm;(2)基于完全随机模型的空间分布格局对降水的响应规律显著,整体表现为随干旱程度加剧,沙鞭种群非生殖株丛聚集尺度从2—96 cm下降至6—77 cm;(3)在107.8 mm/a、117.4 mm/a、191.1 mm/a、363 mm/a降水梯度上,基于泊松聚块模型的空间分布格局分别在15—19 cm、2—6 cm、2—4 cm、9—25 cm尺度正向偏离泊松聚...     

ITS序列同源性在苏云金芽孢杆菌分型中的应用研究

ＰＣＲ扩增了苏云金芽孢杆菌９个亚种的１６Ｓ－２３Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ基因转录间隔（ＩＴＳ）片段,它们的长度均为１４４碱基;序列同源性分析结果批出这９个亚种及其它亚种的ＩＴＳ序列高度相似,说明１６Ｓ－２３Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ基因的ＩＴＳ序列不适于苏云金孢杆菌亚种的分型。