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排序方式: 共有107条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Lyly G. Luhachack Orane Visvikis Amanda C. Wollenberg Adam Lacy-Hulbert Lynda M. Stuart Javier E. Irazoqui 《PLoS pathogens》2012,8(7)
Understanding host defense against microbes is key to developing new and more effective therapies for infection and inflammatory disease. However, how animals integrate multiple environmental signals and discriminate between different pathogens to mount specific and tailored responses remains poorly understood. Using the genetically tractable model host Caenorhabditis elegans and pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, we describe an important role for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in defining the specificity of the host response in the intestine. We demonstrate that loss of egl-9, a negative regulator of HIF, confers HIF-dependent enhanced susceptibility to S. aureus while increasing resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In our attempt to understand how HIF could have these apparently dichotomous roles in host defense, we find that distinct pathways separately regulate two opposing functions of HIF: the canonical pathway is important for blocking expression of a set of HIF-induced defense genes, whereas a less well understood noncanonical pathway appears to be important for allowing the expression of another distinct set of HIF-repressed defense genes. Thus, HIF can function either as a gene-specific inducer or repressor of host defense, providing a molecular mechanism by which HIF can have apparently opposing roles in defense and inflammation. Together, our observations show that HIF can set the balance between alternative pathogen-specific host responses, potentially acting as an evolutionarily conserved specificity switch in the host innate immune response. 相似文献
2.
L. J. W. van den Wollenberg 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2011,20(2):277-286
For many botanic gardens worldwide, seed lists have provided a cost-effective means to replace plant losses in their collections
for many decades, if not centuries. In seed lists, seeds are offered on the basis of what each garden can manage to collect
and considers ‘of interest’ to other botanic gardens, some offering relatively few, while others offer many, or only wild
collected seeds. Seed lists have always been printed on paper. With the use of printed seed lists, the amount of information
per accession has always been quite limited to keep printing costs low. Over the past few years, electronic seed lists have
been rapidly replacing printed seed lists. Since distribution is electronic, there is no longer a direct link between the
amount of information provided and the cost per seed list sent out. This now offers new opportunities to share information
that is linked to the plant material that botanic gardens exchange. Information is not limited to text, as images can also
be included. This situation is beneficial if seed-raised plants are to be used for in situ conservation. Electronic seed lists
have other advantages, but there are also some disadvantages. e.g., electronic information offered via websites is quite ephemeral
in nature. Some suggestions are made to overcome the several drawbacks. 相似文献
3.
How to measure,report and verify soil carbon change to realize the potential of soil carbon sequestration for atmospheric greenhouse gas removal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pete Smith Jean‐Francois Soussana Denis Angers Louis Schipper Claire Chenu Daniel P. Rasse Niels H. Batjes Fenny van Egmond Stephen McNeill Matthias Kuhnert Cristina Arias‐Navarro Jorgen E. Olesen Ngonidzashe Chirinda Dario Fornara Eva Wollenberg Jorge lvaro‐Fuentes Alberto Sanz‐Cobena Katja Klumpp 《Global Change Biology》2020,26(1):219-241
There is growing international interest in better managing soils to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) content to contribute to climate change mitigation, to enhance resilience to climate change and to underpin food security, through initiatives such as international ‘4p1000’ initiative and the FAO's Global assessment of SOC sequestration potential (GSOCseq) programme. Since SOC content of soils cannot be easily measured, a key barrier to implementing programmes to increase SOC at large scale, is the need for credible and reliable measurement/monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) platforms, both for national reporting and for emissions trading. Without such platforms, investments could be considered risky. In this paper, we review methods and challenges of measuring SOC change directly in soils, before examining some recent novel developments that show promise for quantifying SOC. We describe how repeat soil surveys are used to estimate changes in SOC over time, and how long‐term experiments and space‐for‐time substitution sites can serve as sources of knowledge and can be used to test models, and as potential benchmark sites in global frameworks to estimate SOC change. We briefly consider models that can be used to simulate and project change in SOC and examine the MRV platforms for SOC change already in use in various countries/regions. In the final section, we bring together the various components described in this review, to describe a new vision for a global framework for MRV of SOC change, to support national and international initiatives seeking to effect change in the way we manage our soils. 相似文献
4.
Dukka B KC 《BMC structural biology》2009,9(1):12-9
Background
Common structural biology methods (i.e., NMR and molecular dynamics) often produce ensembles of molecular structures. Consequently, averaging of 3D coordinates of molecular structures (proteins and RNA) is a frequent approach to obtain a consensus structure that is representative of the ensemble. However, when the structures are averaged, artifacts can result in unrealistic local geometries, including unphysical bond lengths and angles. 相似文献5.
Population Structure of Vibrio fischeri within the Light Organs of Euprymna scolopes Squid from Two Oahu (Hawaii) Populations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
We resolved the intraspecific diversity of Vibrio fischeri, the bioluminescent symbiont of the Hawaiian sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes, at two previously unexplored morphological and geographical scales. These scales ranged from submillimeter regions within the host light organ to the several kilometers encompassing two host populations around Oahu. To facilitate this effort, we employed both novel and standard genetic and phenotypic assays of light-organ symbiont populations. A V. fischeri-specific fingerprinting method and five phenotypic assays were used to gauge the genetic richness of V. fischeri populations; these methods confirmed that the symbiont population present in each adult host's light organ is polyclonal. Upon statistical analysis of these genetic and phenotypic population data, we concluded that the characteristics of symbiotic populations were more similar within individual host populations than between the two distinct Oahu populations of E. scolopes, providing evidence that local geographic symbiont population structure exists. Finally, to better understand the genesis of symbiont diversity within host light organs, the process of symbiosis initiation in newly hatched juvenile squid was examined both experimentally and by mathematical modeling. We concluded that, after the juvenile hatches, only one or two cells of V. fischeri enter each of six internal epithelium-lined crypts present in the developing light organ. We hypothesize that the expansion of different, crypt-segregated, clonal populations creates the polyclonal adult light-organ population structure observed in this study. The stability of the luminous-bacterium-sepiolid squid mutualism in the presence of a polyclonal symbiont population structure is discussed in the context of contemporary evolutionary theory. 相似文献
6.
Plasmonics - This study shows development of highly sensitive and stable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-active U-bent glass and polymeric optical fiber (GOF and POF) sensor probes by a... 相似文献
7.
Alaedini A Okamoto H Briani C Wollenberg K Shill HA Bushara KO Sander HW Green PH Hallett M Latov N 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2007,178(10):6590-6595
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of wheat gliadin and related proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. In addition to the characteristic enteropathy, celiac disease is associated with various extraintestinal manifestations, including neurologic complications such as neuropathy, ataxia, seizures, and neurobehavioral changes. The cause of the neurologic manifestations is unknown, but autoimmunity resulting from molecular mimicry between gliadin and nervous system proteins has been proposed to play a role. In this study, we sought to investigate the immune reactivity of the anti-gliadin Ab response toward neural proteins. We characterized the binding of affinity-purified anti-gliadin Abs from immunized animals to brain proteins by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and peptide mass mapping. The major immunoreactive protein was identified as synapsin I. Anti-gliadin Abs from patients with celiac disease also bound to the protein. Such cross-reactivity may provide clues into the pathogenic mechanism of the neurologic deficits that are associated with gluten sensitivity. 相似文献
8.
Bose JL Wollenberg MS Colton DM Mandel MJ Septer AN Dunn AK Stabb EV 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2011,77(7):2445-2457
9.
Adler A Park YD Larsen P Nagarajan V Wollenberg K Qiu J Myers TG Williamson PR 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(23):20977-20990
10.
Koen Kusters Manuel Ruiz Pérez Hubert de Foresta Ton Dietz Mirjam Ros-Tonen Brian Belcher Philip Manalu Ani Nawir Eva Wollenberg 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2008,36(3):357-370
Resin producing agroforestry in the Krui area of Sumatra in Indonesia is presented as an environmentally friendly, income
generating land-use system which contributes to both development and conservation objectives. We studied the change in household
income portfolios in three communities in the Krui area. The studies revealed that in the period 1995–2004 agroforestry remained
the main source of income. We predict, however, that due to declining resin productivity per hectare, and rising price and
demand for timber, an increasing number of farmers will cut their mature agroforests in the near future. At the same time
our data suggests that farmers will continue tree planting activities. In result old agroforests may vanish while new ones
will be established.
相似文献
Koen KustersEmail: |