Tunable luminescence and energy transfer in Ca3SiO4Cl2:Ce3+,Li+,Mn2+,Eu2+ phosphors

A series of color‐tunable Ca_{3–2x‐y‐z}SiO₄Cl₂ (CSC):xCe³⁺,xLi⁺,yMn²⁺,zEu²⁺ phosphors with low temperature phase structure was synthesized via the sol–gel method. An energy transfer process from Ce³⁺ to Mn²⁺ in CSC:0.01Ce³⁺,0.01Li⁺,yMn²⁺ (y = 0.03–0.09) and the mechanism was verified to be an electric dipole–dipole interaction. The Ce³⁺ and Mn²⁺ emission intensities were greatly enhanced by co‐doping Eu²⁺ ions into CSC:0.01Ce³⁺,0.01Li⁺,0.07Mn²⁺ phosphors due to competitive energy transfers from Eu²⁺/Ce³⁺ to Mn²⁺, and Ce³⁺ to Eu²⁺. Under 332 nm excitation, CSC:0.01Ce³⁺,0.01Li+,0.07Mn²⁺,zEu²⁺ (z = 0.0005–0.002) exhibited tunable emission colors from green to white with coexisting orange, green and violet‐blue emissions. These phosphors could have potential application in white light‐emitting diodes.     

Expression of human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a mouse tumor cell line reduces tumorigenicity and elicits PSA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes

 Human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has a highly restricted tissue distribution. Its expression is essentially limited to the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. Moreover, it continues to be synthesized by prostate carcinoma cells. This makes PSA an attractive candidate for use as a target antigen in the immunotherapy of prostate cancer. As a first step in characterizing the specific immune response to PSA and its potential use as a tumor-rejection antigen, we have incorporated PSA into a well-established mouse tumor model. Line 1, a mouse lung carcinoma, and P815, a mouse mastocytoma, have been transfected with the cDNA for human PSA. Immunization with a PSA-expressing tumor cell line demonstrated a memory response to PSA which protected against subsequent challenge with PSA-expressing, but not wild-type, tumors. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes could be isolated from PSA-expressing tumors grown in naive hosts and were specifically cytotoxic against a syngeneic cell line that expressed PSA. Immunization with tumor cells resulted in the generation of primary and memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for PSA. The isolation of PSA-specific CTL clones from immunized animals further demonstrated that PSA can serve as a target antigen for antitumor CTL. The immunogenicity studies carried out in this mouse tumor model provide a rationale for the design of methods to elicit PSA-specific cell-mediated immunity in humans. Received: 4 April 1996 / Accepted: 31 May 1996     

Corrigendum of Zhao et al. (2020): a revised infrageneric classification of Lepisorus (Polypodiaceae)

Here, we publish Lepisorus sect. Paragramma (Blume) C.F. Zhao, R. Wei & X.C. Zhang as a combinatio nova to replace the section name in Zhao et al. (2020), which was published as a status nova and turned out to be an invalid name, because we cited an incorrect basionym. A revised infrageneric classification of Lepisorus also is proposed.     

闽江河口红树林土壤微生物群落对互花米草入侵的响应

采用磷脂脂肪酸标记法(PLFA)研究外来入侵植物互花米草对闽江河口湿地红树林土壤微生物群落结构的影响,并探讨其主要影响因素。结果表明:从3种不同植被群落土壤(红树林群落MC、红树林-互花米草混生群落MS、互花米草群落SC)共检测到22种PLFA生物标记,MS土壤微生物PLFA生物标记总量明显高于其他植被群落,3种植被群落土壤理化性质和酶活性的变化趋势为:MCMSSC,表明互花米草入侵后土壤微生物量增加,而理化性质和酶活性均有明显下降,红树林湿地土壤质量发生了明显退化。3种植被群落土壤中含量最高的PLFA生物标记是16:0,16:1w7c,9Me15:0w,18:1w12c。土壤中特征微生物相对生物量存在明显差异,细菌分布量最大,其次是真菌和放线菌,原生动物分布量最小。群落多样性指数呈相似规律,MS土壤微生物类群多样性指数均小于MC,表明互花米草入侵后土壤微生物群落多样性指数均有下降。通过主成分分析,基本能区分出3种不同植被群落微生物群落的特征。土壤理化性质、酶活性间存在相关性,有机碳、全氮、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶与革兰氏阴性菌、放线菌呈显著或极显著正相关。研究结果表明互花米草入侵在一定程度上具有影响红树林群落土壤营养代谢循环的潜力,特别是关于碳、氮、磷等的循环及酶活性,改变部分有利于自身生长的土壤环境相关的微生物类群含量,竞争有利环境,迅速扩张实现入侵。     

Digest: Developmental life history and adaptive radiation in salamanders*

What determines the rate at which species adapt to new climatic conditions? Weaver et al. found that the evolution of short larval periods promotes climatic niche evolution in salamanders in the genus Desmognathus.