首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   11972篇
  免费   1423篇
  国内免费   2篇
  2021年   113篇
  2019年   122篇
  2018年   137篇
  2017年   130篇
  2016年   229篇
  2015年   355篇
  2014年   355篇
  2013年   469篇
  2012年   583篇
  2011年   544篇
  2010年   364篇
  2009年   332篇
  2008年   446篇
  2007年   427篇
  2006年   427篇
  2005年   413篇
  2004年   389篇
  2003年   393篇
  2002年   376篇
  2001年   362篇
  2000年   382篇
  1999年   326篇
  1998年   159篇
  1997年   174篇
  1996年   174篇
  1995年   125篇
  1994年   139篇
  1993年   139篇
  1992年   265篇
  1991年   241篇
  1990年   247篇
  1989年   231篇
  1988年   220篇
  1987年   219篇
  1986年   176篇
  1985年   222篇
  1984年   175篇
  1983年   149篇
  1982年   154篇
  1981年   139篇
  1980年   117篇
  1979年   171篇
  1978年   137篇
  1977年   128篇
  1976年   116篇
  1975年   108篇
  1974年   134篇
  1973年   135篇
  1972年   111篇
  1971年   119篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.

Background

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is associated with decreased risk of some cancers. NSAID use modulates the epigenetic profile of normal colonic epithelium and may reduce risk of colon cancer through this pathway; however, the effect of NSAID use on the DNA methylation profile of other tissues including whole blood has not yet been examined.

Findings

Using the Sister Study cohort, we examined the association between NSAID usage and whole genome methylation patterns in blood DNA. Blood DNA methylation status across 27,589 CpG sites was evaluated for 871 women using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 Beadchip, and in a non-overlapping replication sample of 187 women at 485,512 CpG sites using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip. We identified a number of CpG sites that were differentially methylated in regular, long-term users of NSAIDs in the discovery group, but none of these sites were statistically significant in our replication group.

Conclusions

We found no replicable methylation differences in blood related to NSAID usage. If NSAID use does effect blood DNA methylation patterns, differences are likely small.  相似文献   
3.
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein receptors 1 and 2 (LRP1 and LRP2) are emerging as important cell signaling mediators in modulating neuronal growth and repair. We examined whether LRP1 and LRP2 are able to mediate a specific aspect of neuronal growth: axon guidance. We sought to identify LRP1 and LRP2 ligands that could induce axonal chemoattraction, which might have therapeutic potential. Using embryonic sensory neurons (rat dorsal root ganglia) in a growth cone turning assay, we tested a range of LRP1 and LRP2 ligands for the ability to guide growth cone navigation. Three ligands were chemorepulsive: α-2-macroglobulin, tissue plasminogen activator, and metallothionein III. Conversely, only one LRP ligand, metallothionein II, was found to be chemoattractive. Chemoattraction toward a gradient of metallothionein II was calcium-dependent, required the expression of both LRP1 and LRP2, and likely involves further co-receptors such as the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) receptor. The potential for LRP-mediated chemoattraction to mediate axonal regeneration was examined in vivo in a model of chemical denervation in adult rats. In these in vivo studies, metallothionein II was shown to enhance epidermal nerve fiber regeneration so that it was complete within 7 days compared with 14 days in saline-treated animals. Our data demonstrate that both LRP1 and LRP2 are necessary for metallothionein II-mediated chemotactic signal transduction and that they may form part of a signaling complex. Furthermore, the data suggest that LRP-mediated chemoattraction represents a novel, non-classical signaling system that has therapeutic potential as a disease-modifying agent for the injured peripheral nervous system.  相似文献   
4.
5.
A scarcity of life-history data currently exists for many exploited coral reef fishes, hindering our ability to interpret fishery dynamics and develop sound conservation policies. In particular, parrotfishes (Family Labridae) represent a ubiquitous and ecologically important group that is increasingly prevalent in commercial and artisanal fisheries worldwide. We used both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data to examine the effect of life histories on vulnerability to overexploitation in parrotfishes. Vulnerability for each species was derived from independent measures associated with both temporal (20-year catch records) and spatial datasets. Most life-history traits examined were significant predictors of vulnerability across species, but their relative utility differed considerably. Length-based traits (e.g., lengths at maturity and sex change, maximum length) were generally superior to age-based traits (e.g., life span), but one age-based trait, age at female maturation, was the best predictor. The results suggest that easily derived metrics such as maximum length can be effective measures of sensitivity to exploitation when applied to phylogenetically related multispecies assemblages, but more holistic and comprehensive age-based demographic data should be sought, especially in data-deficient and heavily impacted regions. Given the increasing prevalence of parrotfishes in the global coral reef harvest, species-specific responses demonstrate the capacity for heavy fishing pressure to alter parrotfish assemblages considerably.  相似文献   
6.
7.
Gelled diet for screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) mass production   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A rearing system based on a diet gelled with Water-Lock G-400, a synthetic superabsorbent (poly(2-propenamide-co-2-propenoic acid, sodium salt)) (WL), was compared with the standard rearing system (liquid diet suspended in acetate fibers) for the mass production of screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). The WL rearing system yielded 2% heavier pupae, 32% higher egg to pupa survival, and required 54% less diet and 88% less labor than the standard rearing system. Other advantages of the WL system include reduced susceptibility to suboptimal environmental conditions and labor practices and characteristics conducive to centralization and mechanization of rearing procedures.  相似文献   
8.
Five strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (USDA 6, 110, 122, 138, and 143) were screened in cell culture for tolerance to acidity (pH 4.2, 4.4, and 4.6) and Al (0, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mg L–1) under low P conditions. Each strain was later grown in association with seven soybean [Glycine max. (L) Merr.] cultivars which were also screened for tolerance to the same stresses in nutrient culture to determine which soybean-Bradyrhizobium combinations would establish the most effective symbiotic N2 fixing relationships. Results indicated that strains USDA 110 and 6 were more tolerant than USDA 122, 138 and 143 with USDA 110 being the most tolerant. Acidity appeared to be the more severe stress; but even when strains showed tolerance to the stresses, cell numbers were significantly reduced. This suggests that colonization of soils and soybean roots can be adversely affected under similar conditions in the field which may result in reduced nodulation. The strains found to be more tolerant to the stresses were more effective N2 fixers in symbiosis with all soybean cultivars, with USDA 110 being definitely superior. The association between the more tolerant strains and cultivars had the largest nitrogenase activity. Further studies on the inclusion of tolerant Bradyrhizobium strains in inoculum used on tolerant soybean cultivars in the field are warranted.  相似文献   
9.
A suitable medium was developed from modified Richard's medium plus V8 juice (RM8) to produce high levels of desiccation-tolerant conidia ofTrichoderma harzianumstrain 1295-22. The addition of 9% (v/v) glycerol to RM8 improved both biomass production and desiccation tolerance of the conidia ofT. harzianum.This medium was then used in a laboratory scale fermenter (1.5 liter) to determine optimal operating conditions. The optimal temperature for conidial production and desiccation tolerance improvement in the fermenter was 32°C when dissolved oxygen was maintained at 50% saturation of air, and the stirring rate was 1000 revolutions per minute. The initial water potential of the medium (with 9% glycerol) was −3.7 MPa, the pH was 6, and neither was controlled during fermentation. Changes in medium pH and dissolved oxygen were associated with the stages of morphological development and conidiation. The pH of the medium decreased concurrently with germ-tube elongation and mycelium development and then increased to 6.0–6.2 at phialide formation. Intensive conidiation occurred at pH 6.3–6.5 and reached its maximal level at 6.9–7.1. Changes in pH values could be used as indicators to monitor the morphological development and conidiation ofT. harzianumduring fermentation. The use of a 48-h-old culture inoculum, rather than conidial inoculum, to start fermentation reduced the time required to complete the shift from vegetative growth to phialide formation. Intensive conidiation occurred immediately after the addition of culture inoculum and reached maximum levels within 68 h of fermentation. Dry weight of biomass increased with the duration of fermentation and was greatest at 96 h. However, no improvements in conidia/gram and CFU/gram were achieved after 72 h of fermentation. The desiccation tolerance of conidia harvested at 72 or 96 h was significantly (P = 0.05) greater than that of conidia harvested at 48 h of fermentation. Results obtained from this study could be used for further scale-up of the fermentation process.  相似文献   
10.
A polymorphism was identified in the bovine butyrophilin (BTN) gene by digesting poly-merase chain reaction products with the restriction enzyme Hae III. This polymorphism was segregating in a Holstein-Friesian sire selected as part of an ongoing study directed towards the identification of quantitative trait loci affecting milk composition. Screening of a half-sib family established for the heterozygous sire allowed the localization of BTN to bovine chromosome 23 (BTA23).  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号