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1.
The unicellular green algae Chlorella ellipsoidea was used tostudy transient changes in the energy state of adenylates andthe redox states of pyridine nucleotides induced by environmentalchanges. The transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditionsin the dark induced a sharp rise in the ATP ratio [ATP/(ATP+ADP+AMP)],a sudden decrease in the NADH ratio [NADH/(NAD++NADPH)] anda transient drop in the NADPH ratio [NADPH/(NADP++NADPH)]. Illuminationafter a dark period under anaerobic, CO2-free conditions inducedsharp increases in the ATP and NADPH ratios and a slower decreasein the NADH ratio. Illumination under aerobic conditions, ineither the presence or absence of CO2, caused a sharp increasein the NADPH ratio, a small increase in the ATP ratio and aslower increase in the NADH ratio. In the presence of CO2, asubsequent large drop in the NADPH ratio occurred. Darkeningunder anaerobic, CO2-free conditions induced a sudden decreasein the ATP ratio, a temporary fall in the NADPH ratio and aslow increase in the NADH ratio. Darkening under aerobic conditionsinduced transient drops in the ATP and NADPH ratios and a suddendrop in the NADH ratio. The addition of CO2 to the atmospherewith illumination produced a decrease in all three parameters. These results are discussed in relation to current theoriesof the interaction between photosynthesis and respiration. Ourobservations indicate that the energy and reducing potentialsgenerated by photochemical processes are used for and controlother processes besides CO2 fixation in photosynthetic cells. (Received December 3, 1981; Accepted May 4, 1982) 相似文献
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Target enzymes on hepatic dysfunction caused by dietary products of lipid peroxidation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dietary products of lipid peroxidation cause hepatic dysfunction due to decreases in the activities of some hepatic enzymes and to depletion of CoA. An idea about the decreases and depletion is that the enzymes and CoA could be injured directly by the incorporated products in the liver. Their inactivations in vitro were then examined using a reasonable amount of peroxidation products. The hepatic cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria were incubated with 10, 15, and 20 micrograms/mg protein of peroxidation products, respectively, and changes in the enzymatic activities were monitored. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucokinase, and glyceradehyde phosphate dehydrogenase were inactivated, and the CoA level was decreased, but the other hepatic enzymes were not. Although glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase was most sensitive to peroxidation products in vitro, the decrease in activity was not detected by the oral dose of secondary products. On the other hand, among the components of peroxidation products, hydroperoxides and polymers are not incorporated in the liver, but decomposed products of low molecular weight are incorporated. Glucokinase among the above enzymes was not inactivated by the low-molecular-weight products. It was therefore concluded that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase, and CoA were targets of the direct attack by incorporated components of peroxidation products in the liver. 相似文献
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Molecular pathology of dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
I Kanazawa 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》1999,354(1386):1069-1074
Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized clinically by myoclonus, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, choreoathetosis and dementia. Cardinal pathological features of DRPLA are a combined degeneration of both the dentatorubral and the pallidoluysian systems. Although the early sporadic cases were reported by Western neuropathologists, a strong heritability and an age of onset-dependent variability of the clinical features were carefully deduced by Japanese clinicians. The disease is fairly common in Japan, but extremely rare in Caucasians. Since the gene was identified in 1994, DRPLA is known as one of the CAG repeat expansion diseases, in which the responsible gene is located on chromosome 12p and its product is called atrophin 1. DRPLA shows prominent 'anticipation', which is genetically clearly explained by a marked instability of the expanded CAG repeat length during spermatogenesis. Moreover, the instability of the CAG repeat length also seems to occur in the somatic cells, resulting in 'somatic mosaicism'. Possible mechanism(s) underlying the neuronal cell death in DRPLA are discussed in terms of molecular pathological points of view. 相似文献
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Satoshi Kanazawa 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2013,21(3):434-440
Objective: Recent studies conclude childhood intelligence has no direct effect on adult obesity net of education, but evolutionary psychological theories suggest otherwise. Design and Methods: A population (n = 17,419) of British babies has been followed since birth in 1958 in a prospectively longitudinal study. Childhood general intelligence is measured at 7, 11, and 16, and adult BMI and obesity are measured at 51. Results: Childhood general intelligence has a direct effect on adult BMI, obesity, and weight gain, net of education, earnings, mother's BMI, father's BMI, childhood social class, and sex. More intelligent children grow up to eat more healthy foods and exercise more frequently as adults. Conclusion: Childhood intelligence has a direct effect on adult obesity unmediated by education or earnings. General intelligence decreases BMI only in adulthood when individuals have complete control over what they eat. 相似文献
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T Kanazawa 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1975,250(1):113-119
A large fraction of the Ca-2plus- and Mg-2plus-dependent ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes solubilized with Triton X-100 was phosphorylated with Pi. The phosphorylation required Mg-2plus but was strongly inhibited by low concentrations of Ca-2plus. A Ca-2plus ion concentration of 30 muM caused half-maximum inhibition in the presence of 50 mM MgCl2. The phosphorylated enzyme showed a rapid turnover and was in dynamic equilibrium with Pi in the medium. At equilibrium the amount of the phosphorylated enzyme increased markedly with increased in the reaction temperature. The apparent standard free energy change, the apparent standard enthalpy change, and the apparent standard entropy change in the formation of the phosphorylated enzyme from the enzyme-phosphate complex in the presence of excess Mg-2plus at 37 degrees and pH 7.0 were, respectively, 0.35 Cal per mol, 15.9 Cal per mol, and 50.2 e.u. per mol. The susceptibility of the acid-denatured phosphorylated enzyme to hydroxylamine showed that the phosphorylated enzyme is of an acyl phosphate type. The present results are consistent with the probability that the phosphorylation results from reversal of late steps in the Ca-2plus transport process. The results clearly show that the phosphorylated enzyme is stabilized by a great increase in entropy upon its formation from the enzyme-phosphate complex. 相似文献
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