黑皮质素受体-4调节通路的研究进展

黑皮质素系统来自阿片-促黑素细胞皮质素原,在中枢摄食行为和能量平衡代谢中起到重要作用,此系统生理功能的发挥主要通过与下丘脑神经元细胞上特定膜受体（黑皮质素受体）结合完成。黑皮质素受体（MCR）有五种亚型（MC1R-MC5R）,其中参与体重调节的受体主要是黑皮质素受体3（MC3R）和黑皮质素受体4（MC4R）。MC4R属于G蛋白耦联受体,具有七次跨膜结构。作为一种膜受体,MC4R发挥体重调节作用,一方面受外界激动剂或拮抗剂的调节;另一方面,此受体活化后会影响到细胞内的信号调节通路。研究MC4R的功能首先要了解受体的结构,本文对G蛋白耦联受体的结构进行了较详细的叙述,MC4R经信号调节通路,激活腺苷酸环化酶,增加cAMP的浓度,最终通过影响细胞内基因的转录和翻译,来调节体重和能量的消耗。     

Molybdenum and tungsten in Campylobacter jejuni: their physiological role and identification of separate transporters regulated by a single ModE-like protein

Campylobacter jejuni is an important human pathogen that causes millions of cases of food-borne enteritis each year. The C. jejuni respiratory chain is highly branched and contains at least four enzymes predicted to contain a m etal binding pt erin (MPT), with the metal being either molybdenum or tungsten. Also predicted are two separate transport systems, one for molybdenum encoded by modABC and a second for tungsten encoded by tupABC . Both transport systems were mutated and the activities of the four predicted MPT-containing enzymes were assayed in the presence of molybdenum and tungsten in wild-type and mod and tup backgrounds. Results indicate that mod is primarily a molybdenum transporter that can also transport tungsten, while tup is a tungsten-specific transporter. The MPT-containing enzymes nitrate reductase, sulphite oxidase, and SN oxide reductase are strict molybdoenzymes while formate dehydrogenase prefers tungsten. A ModE-like protein regulates both transporters, repressing mod in the presence of both molybdenum and tungsten and tup only in the presence of tungsten. Like other ModE proteins, the C. jejuni ModE binds DNA through a helix–turn–helix DNA binding domain, but unlike other members of the ModE family it does not have a metal binding domain.     

CALCIFICATION AND CATION SORPTION OF CLADOPHOHA GLOMERATA (CHLOROPHYTA)1, 2

Clacium sorption by Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kutz grown in continuous-flow culture increased substantially as the alga aged (12.3–160 mg Calg dry wt). This reflected increased pectin layered in thickening cell walls followed by deposition of CaCO₃ around cells. The high levels of pectin (up to 23% of dry wt) may account for the plant's reported high affinity for cations. The onset of carbonate deposition coincided with the appearance of carbonabic anhydrase activity in cells. This suggests that carbonate deposition mey be a funtion of bicarbonate use as a source of CO₂ for photosynthesis. Calcium uptake appears to occur by active transport in that it exhibited saturation kinetics, occurred against a concentration gradient, depended on light, and was nearly abolished by treatments that allow diffusion. Although strontium competed for Ca for binding sites of pectin, it did not inhibit intermal transport of Ca. Consequently, the proposed carrier may be specific for Ca.     

基于ISSR标记的辽宁4个东北林蛙种群遗传多样性分析

辽宁是东北林蛙Rana dybowskii主要分布地之一,种群数量巨大,其群体遗传多样性有待评估.本研究应用ISSR标记技术对东北林蛙4个种群105个样本进行研究,5个引物共获得44条清晰谱带,4个种群的多态位点率均大于75%,Nei's基因多样性为0.2851,Shannon信息指数为0.4476,显示了较高的遗传多样性.对遗传分化系数、Nei's遗传距离、AMOVA分子变异巢式方差分析和F-统计量等遗传参数的统计结果表明,辽宁东北林蛙种群间已经出现一定程度的遗传分化,分析认为,自然屏障(高山和平原等)以及栖息地片段化是其遗传分化形成的主要因素.     

莲藕干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积与分配研究

连续2年采用盆栽试验研究了莲藕（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn）干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积与分配规律。结果表明：莲藕苗期以叶片生长并积累光合产物为主,膨大根状茎成型后,叶片、叶柄和根状茎中的干物质不断运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,以产量形成为主,干物质累积总量增长呈＂慢-快-稳定＂的变化趋势;氮磷钾累积量与干物质累积量变化趋势一致,并与之呈极显著正相关,莲藕氮磷钾养分累积总量之比为1∶0.12∶1.31。移栽后97-160 d是莲藕产量形成的关键时期,不仅叶片、叶柄和根状茎中的氮磷钾随同干物质运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,根系还从土壤中吸收更多的氮磷钾直接运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,后者分别占同期氮磷钾累积量的69.8%、79.2%和75.0%。160 d膨大根状茎中干物质、氮、磷和钾累积量分别平均占植株总累积量的81.1%、85.2%、88.8%和80.2%。     

中国西北沙漠夜间活动的东鳖甲属昆虫二新种(鞘翅目:拟步甲科:漠甲亚科)

记述中国西北地区东鳖甲属2新种:巴丹东鳖甲A.badainica Ba,Ren&Liu sp.nov.和古尔班东鳖甲A.gurbantunggutica Ba&Ren sp.nov.,提供了主要鉴别特征和形态图,并简要讨论了其昼夜活动规律.     

血液磁极化疗法对糖尿病兔胰岛功能的影响

目的观察血液磁极化疗法(简称血磁治疗)对糖尿病(DM)的治疗效果和对胰岛功能的影响。方法制备了四氧嘧啶DM兔模型20只,随机分为两组,即DM模型血磁治疗组及DM模型未治疗组,同时设立正常对照组10只,分别测定治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素(INS)及C-肽(C-P),并于观察期结束后处死动物取胰腺组织常规石蜡包埋切片,行HE及Mallory三色法特殊染色观察3组胰岛形态学变化。结果血磁治疗显著降低DM兔的FPG(P<0.001)。DM治疗组INS及C-P水平较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01),与未治疗组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。胰岛病理改变可见治疗组β细胞数量明显多于DM未治疗组,提示血磁疗法具有促进胰岛修复,改善胰岛功能的作用。结论血磁疗法能够促进DM时受损胰岛组织的修复,改善胰岛β细胞分泌功能,降血糖作用明显。     

Description of Caurinus tlagu,new species,from Prince of Wales Island,Alaska (Mecoptera,Boreidae, Caurininae)

A new species of the cryptic, minute, wingless, and enigmatic taxon Caurinus, and the second for the subfamily Caurininae,is described from Prince of Wales Island in the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska. It is distinguished from its only congener, Caurinus dectes Russell, 1979b, which occurs 1,059 km southeast in Oregon and Washington, based on external morphology and sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase II. These two species are probably evolutionary relicts – the only known members of a clade dating to the Late Jurassic or older.