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1.
Bodil Kjær Yean-Sung Jung Lian Yu John H. Golbeck Henrik Vibe Scheller 《Photosynthesis research》1994,41(1):105-114
The photosynthetic reaction center complex from the green sulfur bacteriumChlorobium vibrioforme has been isolated under anaerobic conditions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 80, 40, 30, 18, 15, and 9 kDa. The 80- and 18-kDa polypeptides are identified as the reaction center polypeptide and the secondary donor cytochromec
551 encoded by thepscA andpscC genes, respectively. N-terminal amino acid sequences identify the 40-kDa polypeptide as the bacteriochlorophylla-protein of the baseplate (the Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein) and the 30-kDa polypeptide as the putative 2[4Fe-4S] protein encoded bypscB. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis shows the presence of an iron-sulfur cluster which is irreversibly photoreduced at 9K. Photoaccumulation at higher temperature shows the presence of an additional photoreduced cluster. The EPR spectra of the two iron-sulfur clusters resemble those of FA and FB of Photosystem I, but also show significantly differentg-values, lineshapes, and temperature and power dependencies. We suggest that the two centers are designated Center I (with calculatedg-values of 2.085, 1.898, 1.841), and Center II (with calculatedg-values of 2.083, 1.941, 1.878). The data suggest that Centers I and II are bound to thepscB polypeptide. 相似文献
2.
David M. Anderson Richard H. Scheller James W. Posakony Linda B. McAllister Steven G. Trabert Clifford Beall Roy J. Britten Eric H. Davidson 《Journal of molecular biology》1981,145(1):5-28
Three repetitive sequence families from the sea urchin genome were studied, each defined by homology with a specific cloned probe one to a few hundred nucleotides long. Recombinant λ-sea urchin DNA libraries were screened with these probes, and individual recombinants were selected that include genomic members of these families. Restriction mapping, gel blot, and kinetic analyses were carried out to determine the organization of each repeat family. Sequence elements belonging to the first of the three repeat families were found to be embedded in longer repeat sequences. These repeat sequences frequently occur in small clusters. Members of the second repeat family are also found in a long repetitive sequence environment, but these repeats usually occur singly in any given region of the DNA. The sequences of the third repeat are only 200 to 300 nucleotides long, and are generally terminated by single copy DNA, though a few examples were found associated with other repeats. These three repeat sequence families constitute sets of homologous sequence elements that relate distant regions of the DNA. 相似文献
3.
4.
Robert M. Scheller Alec M. Kretchun E. Louise Loudermilk Matthew D. Hurteau Peter J. Weisberg Carl Skinner 《Ecosystems》2018,21(4):643-656
Climate-driven increases in wildfires, drought conditions, and insect outbreaks are critical threats to forest carbon stores. In particular, bark beetles are important disturbance agents although their long-term interactions with future climate change are poorly understood. Droughts and the associated moisture deficit contribute to the onset of bark beetle outbreaks although outbreak extent and severity is dependent upon the density of host trees, wildfire, and forest management. Our objective was to estimate the effects of climate change and bark beetle outbreaks on ecosystem carbon dynamics over the next century in a western US forest. Specifically, we hypothesized that (a) bark beetle outbreaks under climate change would reduce net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) and increase uncertainty and (b) these effects could be ameliorated by fuels management. We also examined the specific tree species dynamics—competition and release—that determined NECB response to bark beetle outbreaks. Our study area was the Lake Tahoe Basin (LTB), CA and NV, USA, an area of diverse forest types encompassing steep elevation and climatic gradients and representative of mixed-conifer forests throughout the western United States. We simulated climate change, bark beetles, wildfire, and fuels management using a landscape-scale stochastic model of disturbance and succession. We simulated the period 2010–2100 using downscaled climate projections. Recurring droughts generated conditions conducive to large-scale outbreaks; the resulting large and sustained outbreaks significantly increased the probability of LTB forests becoming C sources over decadal time scales, with slower-than-anticipated landscape-scale recovery. Tree species composition was substantially altered with a reduction in functional redundancy and productivity. Results indicate heightened uncertainty due to the synergistic influences of climate change and interacting disturbances. Our results further indicate that current fuel management practices will not be effective at reducing landscape-scale outbreak mortality. Our results provide critical insights into the interaction of drivers (bark beetles, wildfire, fuel management) that increase the risk of C loss and shifting community composition if bark beetle outbreaks become more frequent. 相似文献
5.
F Scheller D Kirstein L Kirstein F Schubert U Wollenberger B Olsson L Gorton G Johansson 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》1987,316(1176):85-94
Starting from the state of the art, principles for improving the analytical characteristics of enzyme electrodes are discussed. Coupling of appropriate amperometric electrode processes with enzyme systems, e.g. urease or aminopeptidases, results in a simplification of operation. Optimal sample frequencies are realized on the basis of enzyme membranes, with both a small characteristic diffusion time and a high enzyme activity, applied in a well-designed sample-processing system. Coupled enzyme reactions of the sequence or competition type are successfully used for extension to new analytes, e.g. inhibitors, cofactors or alternative substrates. Cyclization of the analyte enhances the sensitivity of enzyme electrodes to the nanomolar concentration range. Enzymic anti-interference layers are a tool for improving the sensor specificity. The operational characteristics of enzyme electrodes are thus adaptable to any given analytical problem. 相似文献
6.
Two cDNA clones for the barley photosystem I polypeptide which migrates with an apparent molecular mass of 9.5 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gels have been isolated using antibodies and an oligonucleotide probe. The determined N-terminal amino acid sequence for the mature polypeptide confirms the identification of the clones. The 644 base-pair sequence of one of the clones contains one large open reading frame coding for a 14 882 Da precursor polypeptide. The molecular mass of the mature polypeptide is 10 193 Da. The hydropathy plot of the polypeptide shows one membrane-spanning region with a predicted -helix secondary structure. The gene for the 9.5 kDa polypeptide has been designated PsaH. 相似文献
7.
Multiple neuropeptides derived from a common precursor are differentially packaged and transported 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
The ELH prohormone is proteolytically processed into at least nine peptides which govern egg-laying behavior in Aplysia. Quantitative immunocytochemistry demonstrates that peptides derived from the prohormone are packaged into distinct vesicle classes. Further experiments suggest the segregation occurs via a rapid initial proteolytic cleavage of the prohormone followed by sorting at the trans Golgi. Egg-laying hormone (ELH) immunoreactivity is localized to the cell body and processes, while bag cell peptide (BCP) immunoreactivity is greater in the cell body. Steady state levels of the amino-terminal set of peptides including the BCPs are 3- to 8-fold lower than the carboxy-terminal cleavage products, such as ELH. Thus, intracellular packaging and routing of the peptides cleaved from a single prohormone regulate their localization and levels in these neurons. 相似文献
8.
F. Schubert D. Kirstein M. Abraham F. Scheller L. Boross 《Engineering in Life Science》1985,5(4):375-378
Coimmobilized horseradish peroxidase and D-isocitrate dehydrogenase were fixed to an oxygen electrode to assemble a bienzyme electrode for isocitrate determination. The linear measuring range for isocitrate of the sensor is between 0.1 and 2.0 mmol. I?1, the coefficient of variation (20 measurements) is 3.6%. 8 samples per hour can be assayed. With one sensor preparation 140 measurements can be carried out. 相似文献
9.
Sorting within the regulated secretory pathway occurs in the trans-Golgi network 总被引:16,自引:8,他引:8 下载免费PDF全文
Bioactive peptides cleaved from the egg-laying hormone precursor in the bag cell neurons of Aplysia are sorted into distinct dense core vesicle classes (DCVs). Bag cell prohormone processing can be divided into two stages, an initial cleavage occurring in a late Golgi compartment, which is not blocked by monensin, and later cleavages that occur within DCVs and are blocked by monensin. Prohormone intermediates are sorted in the trans-Golgi network. The large soma-specific DCVs turn over, while the small DCVs are transported to processes for regulated release. Thus, protein trafficking differentially regulates the levels and localization of multiple biologically active peptides derived from a common prohormone. 相似文献
10.
Subunit composition of photosystem I and identification of center X as a [4Fe-4S] iron-sulfur cluster 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A photosystem I (PS-I) preparation from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) containing the reaction center protein P700-chlorophyll a-protein 1 (CP1) and smaller polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 18, 16, 14, 9.5, 9, 4, and 1.5 kDa has been analyzed with respect to subunit stoichiometry. CP1 contains two homologous subunits with approximate masses of 82 kDa. CP1 and the smaller polypeptides were isolated, and the amino acid composition of each component and of the PS-I preparation was determined. Based on the amino acid composition data and the determined ability of each isolated polypeptide to bind Coomassie Brilliant Blue, the PS-I complex is shown to contain 1 mol of each of the homologous 82-kDa polypeptides as well as 1 mol of the 18-, 16-, 9.5-, and 9-kDa polypeptides for each mol of P700. The total polypeptide mass of the PS-I complex is 209 kDa excluding tryptophan and approximately 220 kDa including tryptophan. The two 82-kDa subunits present/P700 provide cysteine residues for binding only one Fe-S center. In conjunction with the earlier reported binding of four iron and four acid-labile sulfides to CP1/P700 (H?j, P. B., Svendsen, I., Scheller, H. V., and M?ller, B. L. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 12676-12684), this demonstrates the center X is a [4Fe-4S] cluster and eliminates the possibility of center X being composed of two [2Fe-2S] clusters. 相似文献