全文获取类型
收费全文 | 212篇 |
免费 | 37篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 14篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 31篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 12篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有251条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Adnan A Ezzat Ezzeldin M Ibrahim Madras A Raja Saif Al-Sobhi Assem Rostom Robert K Stuart 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1999,16(2):95-103
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), breast cancer constitutes 18% of all cancers in Saudi women. Whilst locally advanced
breast cancer disease is unusual in Western countries, it constitutes more than 40% of all non-metastatic breast cancer in
KSA. The relative frequency of locally advanced disease among our breast cancer population and the lack of a uniform consensus
in the literature about its optimal management have prompted this retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients
with Stage III breast cancer patients seen at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center between 1981 and 1991. In
all, 315 patients were identified. Their median age ±SD was 46±11.6 years which is distinctly different from the 60–65 years
median age in industrial Western nations. Most patients were younger than 50 years (64%) and premenopausal (62%). Patients
were approximately equally divided between Stage III A and Stage III B Patients received multimodality treatment, including
surgery., adjuvant chemotherapy, tamoxifen, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Sixty-one patients were excluded from survival analysis
as they were considered lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 254 patients, 73 (29%) were alive and disease free, and 18 patients
(7%) were alive but, with evidence of the disease. The remaining 163 (64%) had died from breast cancer or its related complications.
Their median overall survival (OS) was 54 months, (95%, Cl, 27 to 121 months) and the median progression-free survival (PFS)
was 28.8 months (95% Cl, 14.2 to 113 months). Cox proportional hazard, model identified Stage III B and the number of positive
axillary lymph nodes as poor predictors of OS and PFS. Radiotherapy was the only adjuvant modality that affected survival
favourably. The prognosis of patients with Stage III disease remains poor despite the use of a multimodality approach. The
overall young age of our patients may have contributed to the poor outcome. Moreover, the adverse effect of Stage III B disease
(as compared with Stage III A) and axillary nodal status was evident. Whilst the favourable effect of radiotherapy on survival
was demonstrated, the lack of independent efficacy of other modalities (adjuvant chemotherapy and tamoxifen) or the apparent
deleterious effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be addressed with discretion in such retrospective analysis. Optimal
management of patients with locally advanced breast cancer disease should be appraised in well designed, prospective, randomised
studies. 相似文献
2.
The Rickettsia ~1800-amino-acid autotransporter protein surface cell antigen 2 (Sca2) promotes actin polymerization on the surface of the bacterium to drive its movement using an actin comet-tail mechanism. Sca2 mimics eukaryotic formins in that it promotes both actin filament nucleation and elongation and competes with capping protein to generate filaments that are long and unbranched. However, despite these functional similarities, Sca2 is structurally unrelated to eukaryotic formins and achieves these functions through an entirely different mechanism. Thus, while formins are dimeric, Sca2 functions as a monomer. However, Sca2 displays intramolecular interactions and functional cooperativity between its N- and C-terminal domains that are crucial for actin nucleation and elongation. Here, we map the interaction of N- and C- terminal fragments of Sca2 and their contribution to actin binding and nucleation. We find that both the N- and C-terminal regions of Sca2 interact with actin monomers but only weakly, whereas the full-length protein binds two actin monomers with high affinity. Moreover, deletions at both ends of the N- and C-terminal regions disrupt their ability to interact with each other, suggesting that they form a contiguous ring-like structure that wraps around two actin subunits, analogous to the formin homology-2 domain. The discovery of Sca2 as an actin nucleator followed the identification of what appeared to be a repeat of three Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome homology 2 (WH2) domains in the middle of the molecule, consistent with the presence of WH2 domains in most actin nucleators. However, we show here that contrary to previous assumptions, Sca2 does not contain WH2 domains. Instead, our analysis indicates that the region containing the putative WH2 domains is folded as a globular domain that cooperates with other parts of the Sca2 molecule for actin binding and nucleation. 相似文献
3.
Singh Shweta Hans Sandeep Ahmad Aijaz Fatima Zeeshan Hameed Saif 《International microbiology》2022,25(4):769-779
International Microbiology - Infections caused by Candida albicans are rising due to increment in drug resistance and a limited arsenal of conventional antifungal drugs. Thus, elucidating the novel... 相似文献
4.
Jianfan Sun Susan Rutherford Muhammad Saif Ullah Ikram Ullah Qaiser Javed Ghulam Rasool Muhammad Ajmal Ahmad Azeem Muhammad Junaid Nazir Daolin Du 《Journal of Plant Ecology》2022,15(3):610
生物入侵过程中的植物-土壤反馈:一种入侵植物的凋落物分解对其本地近缘植物的影响
植物入侵可通过正或负的植物-土壤反馈效应改变土壤的生物和非生物性质,从而影响入侵栖息地的土壤理化性质。许多入侵物种的凋落物分解可增加土壤养分,降低本地植物多样性,并导致进一步的植物入侵。关于入侵植物凋落物在不同土壤类型及深度分解及反馈效应的研究依然很少。本研究旨在明确入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊(Sphagneticola trilobata)凋落物在不同土壤类型和不同土壤深度条件下的分解情 况及其对本地近缘植物蟛蜞菊(S. calendulacea)生理生长的影响。将装有南美蟛蜞菊凋落物的尼龙袋加入到不同深度(即0、2、4 和6 cm)的砂土、营养土和粘土中,经6个月的分解后,回收凋落物袋并计算分解速率,随后在凋落物分解处理后的土壤中种植本地蟛蜞菊,并在生长期结束时测量其生理生态指标。研究结果表明,所有处理土壤类型中,凋落物在土壤深度为2和4 cm处分解后显著增加了土壤养分,而对本 地蟛蜞菊的叶片叶绿素、叶氮含量等生长指标表现为负效应。因此,入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊凋落物分解对土壤养分表现为正的反馈效应,而对本地植物蟛蜞菊的生长表现为负效应。我们的研究结果还表明,入侵植物的凋落物分解对土壤和本地物种的影响还因凋落物分解所在的土壤深度而显著不同。未来的研究应侧重于入侵栖息地中更多本地和入侵物种的植物-土壤反馈效应,以及更多土壤类型和土壤深度的入侵植物凋落物效应。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
Lakshmi Pathak Vineeta Singh Ram Niwas Khwaja Osama Saif Khan Shafiul Haque C. K. M. Tripathi B. N. Mishra 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Cholesterol oxidase (COD) is a bi-functional FAD-containing oxidoreductase which catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol into 4-cholesten-3-one. The wider biological functions and clinical applications of COD have urged the screening, isolation and characterization of newer microbes from diverse habitats as a source of COD and optimization and over-production of COD for various uses. The practicability of statistical/ artificial intelligence techniques, such as response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) have been tested to optimize the medium composition for the production of COD from novel strain Streptomyces sp. NCIM 5500. All experiments were performed according to the five factor central composite design (CCD) and the generated data was analysed using RSM and ANN. GA was employed to optimize the models generated by RSM and ANN. Based upon the predicted COD concentration, the model developed with ANN was found to be superior to the model developed with RSM. The RSM-GA approach predicted maximum of 6.283 U/mL COD production, whereas the ANN-GA approach predicted a maximum of 9.93 U/mL COD concentration. The optimum concentrations of the medium variables predicted through ANN-GA approach were: 1.431 g/50 mL soybean, 1.389 g/50 mL maltose, 0.029 g/50 mL MgSO4, 0.45 g/50 mL NaCl and 2.235 ml/50 mL glycerol. The experimental COD concentration was concurrent with the GA predicted yield and led to 9.75 U/mL COD production, which was nearly two times higher than the yield (4.2 U/mL) obtained with the un-optimized medium. This is the very first time we are reporting the statistical versus artificial intelligence based modeling and optimization of COD production by Streptomyces sp. NCIM 5500. 相似文献
8.
JG Hansen W Gao J Dupuis GT O’Connor W Tang M Kowgier A Sood SA Gharib LJ Palmer M Fornage SR Heckbert BM Psaty SL Booth SUNLIGHT Consortium Patricia A Cassano 《Respiratory research》2015,16(1)
Background
Vitamin D is associated with lung function in cross-sectional studies, and vitamin D inadequacy is hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Further data are needed to clarify the relation between vitamin D status, genetic variation in vitamin D metabolic genes, and cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in lung function in healthy adults.Methods
We estimated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and cross-sectional forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring and Third Generation participants and the association between serum 25(OH)D and longitudinal change in FEV1 in Third Generation participants using linear mixed-effects models. Using a gene-based approach, we investigated the association between 241 SNPs in 6 select vitamin D metabolic genes in relation to longitudinal change in FEV1 in Offspring participants and pursued replication of these findings in a meta-analyzed set of 4 independent cohorts.Results
We found a positive cross-sectional association between 25(OH)D and FEV1 in FHS Offspring and Third Generation participants (P = 0.004). There was little or no association between 25(OH)D and longitudinal change in FEV1 in Third Generation participants (P = 0.97). In Offspring participants, the CYP2R1 gene, hypothesized to influence usual serum 25(OH)D status, was associated with longitudinal change in FEV1 (gene-based P < 0.05). The most significantly associated SNP from CYP2R1 had a consistent direction of association with FEV1 in the meta-analyzed set of replication cohorts, but the association did not reach statistical significance thresholds (P = 0.09).Conclusions
Serum 25(OH)D status was associated with cross-sectional FEV1, but not longitudinal change in FEV1. The inconsistent associations may be driven by differences in the groups studied. CYP2R1 demonstrated a gene-based association with longitudinal change in FEV1 and is a promising candidate gene for further studies.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0238-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献9.
Saif Eddine Djemal Mariam Siala Salma Smaoui Sana Kammoun Chema Marouane Javier Bezos Feriele Messadi-Akrout Beatriz Romero Radhouane Gdoura 《BMC veterinary research》2017,13(1):393
Background
The genetic diversity of M. bovis in Tunisia is still underestimated despite the implementation of an eradication program. The lack of data about spatial distribution of the M. bovis population hinders the control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) progress. This study represents the largest molecular analysis of M. bovis isolates in Tunisia. It is aimed to upgrade the understanding of bTB epidemiology and the geographical distribution of the infection. Tuberculosis research was performed in cattle (n?=?149) with TB-compatible lesions collected over 5 months from a slaughterhouse located in Sfax, Tunisia.Results
Ninety-four animals were found to be infected by M. bovis and two others by M. caprae. Spoligotyping revealed twenty-five patterns, SB0120, SB0134, and SB0121 being the most prevalent profiles (36.4%, 11.4%, and 7.2%, respectively). Three new spoligotypes were detected: SB2345, SB2344 and SB2343. MIRU-VNTR analysis classified the isolates in seventy-three profiles and showed a large genotypic variety observed within the main spoligotype which was split into several MIRU-VNTR types: 29 in SB0120 (h?=?0.983), 10 in SB0134 (h?=?0.981) and 7 in SB0121 (h?=?1). Genotyping revealed a common pattern in different geographic regions. It also showed that Sfax, located in southern-Tunisia, represents a high-risk area with an elevated genetic diversity.Conclusions
Spatial analysis may provide insights into disease transmission, which affects the effectiveness of eradication campaigns in cattle.10.
Kalyani Nair Milind Gandhi Saif Khalil Karen Chang Yan Michele Marcolongo Kenneth Barbee Wei Sun Dr. 《Biotechnology journal》2009,4(8):1168-1177
Bioprinting is an emerging technology in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The process consists of simultaneous deposition of cells, biomaterial and/or growth factors under pressure through a micro-scale nozzle. Cell viability can be controlled by varying the parameters like pressure and nozzle diameter. The process itself can be a very useful tool for evaluating an in vitro cell injury model. It is essential to understand the cell responses to process-induced mechanical disturbances because they alter cell morphology and function. We carried out analysis and quantification of the degree of cell injury induced by bioprinting process. A parametric study with different process parameters was conducted to analyze and quantify cell injury as well as to optimize the parameters for printing viable cells. A phenomenological model was developed correlating the percentage of live, apoptotic and necrotic cells to the process parameters. This study incorporates an analytical formulation to predict the cell viability through the system as a function of the maximum shear stress in the system. The study shows that dispensing pressure has a more significant effect on cell viability than the nozzle diameter. The percentage of live cells is reduced significantly (by 38.75%) when constructs are printed at 40 psi compared to those printed at 5 psi. 相似文献