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1.
In a eutrophic lake, a crash of the algal population was followed by a significant increase in the number of virus-like particles (from ca. 1 106 ml–1 to ca. 26 106 ml–1), and soon thereafter by an increase of the amount of extracellular DNA (from ca. 20 µg l–1 to ca. 40 µg l–1). The same pattern of correlation between decrease of algae and increase of viruses and extracellular DNA could be demonstrated by an in vitro experiment with a Chlorella-virus-system. Lysis of algae by viruses increased both the number of viruses and the amount of DNA in the culture medium. Extracellular DNA mainly consisted of material with a molecular weight below 500 bp.The Chlorella-virus-system is discussed. It could be used as a model-system for studying the dynamics of interaction of viruses and algae in aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
2.
Kai B. Kaufmann Nafisah Al-Rifai Felix Ulbrich Nils Schallner Hannelore Rücker Monika Enzinger Hermina Petkes Sebastian Pitzl Ulrich Goebel Sabine Amslinger 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Cell protection against different noxious stimuli like oxidative stress or chemical toxins plays a central role in the treatment of many diseases. The inducible heme oxygenase isoform, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), is known to protect cells against a variety of harmful conditions including apoptosis. Because a number of medium strong electrophiles from a series of α-X-substituted 2’,3,4,4’-tetramethoxychalcones (α-X-TMCs, X = H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, Me, p-NO2-C6H4, Ph, p-OMe-C6H4, NO2, CF3, COOEt, COOH) had proven to activate Nrf2 resulting in HO-1 induction and inhibit NF-κB downstream target genes, their protective effect against staurosporine induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was investigated. RAW264.7 macrophages treated with 19 different chalcones (15 α-X-TMCs, chalcone, 2’-hydroxychalcone, calythropsin and 2’-hydroxy-3,4,4’-trimethoxychalcone) prior to staurosporine treatment were analyzed for apoptosis and ROS production, as well as HO-1 protein expression and enzyme activity. Additionally, Nrf2 and NF-κB activity was assessed. We found that amongst all tested chalcones only E-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2’,3,4,4''-tetramethoxychalcone (E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC) demonstrated a distinct, statistically significant antiapoptotic effect in a dose dependent manner, showing no toxic effects, while its double bond isomer Z-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC displayed no significant activity. Also, E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC induced HO-1 protein expression and increased HO-1 activity, whilst inhibition of HO-1 by SnPP-IX abolished its antiapoptotic effect. The only weakly electrophilic chalcone E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC reduced the staurosporine triggered formation of ROS, while inducing the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. Furthermore, staurosporine induced NF-κB activity was attenuated following E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC treatment. Overall, E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC demonstrated its effective cytoprotective potential via a non-toxic induction of HO-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. The observed cytoprotective effect may partly be related to both, the activation of the Nrf2- and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. 相似文献
3.
Sylvia Hofmann Sabine Kraus Tsering Dorge Michael Nothnagel Georg Miehe 《Journal of Biogeography》2014,41(11):2162-2172
4.
Vlastimil Hart Tomá? Ku?ta Pavel Němec Veronika Bláhová Milo? Je?ek Petra Nováková Sabine Begall Jaroslav ?erveny Vladimír Hanzal Erich Pascal Malkemper Kamil ?típek Christiane Vole Hynek Burda 《PloS one》2012,7(12)
While magnetoreception in birds has been studied intensively, the literature on magnetoreception in bony fish, and particularly in non-migratory fish, is quite scarce. We examined alignment of common carps (Cyprinus carpio) at traditional Christmas sale in the Czech Republic. The sample comprised measurements of the directional bearings in 14,537 individual fish, distributed among 80 large circular plastic tubs, at 25 localities in the Czech Republic, during 817 sampling sessions, on seven subsequent days in December 2011. We found that carps displayed a statistically highly significant spontaneous preference to align their bodies along the North-South axis. In the absence of any other common orientation cues which could explain this directional preference, we attribute the alignment of the fish to the geomagnetic field lines. It is apparent that the display of magnetic alignment is a simple experimental paradigm of great heuristic potential. 相似文献
5.
6.
Thorsten Thye Genevieve Scarisbrick Edmund N. L. Browne Margaret Amanua Chinbuah John Gyapong Ivy Osei Ellis Owusu-Dabo Stefan Niemann Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes Christian G. Meyer Rolf D. Horstmann 《PloS one》2009,4(7)
The gene of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-associated Antigen 4 (CTLA4), a negative regulator of T lymphocytes, contains a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position +6230A->G (ct60A->G), which has been found associated with several autoimmune diseases and appears to reduce T-cell inhibitory activity. In Ghana, West Africa, we compared the frequencies of CTLA4 +6230 A/G and 6 haplotype-tagging SNPs in 2010 smear-positive, HIV-negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and 2346 controls matched for age, gender and ethnicity. We found no difference in allele frequencies between cases and controls. However, +6230A and a distinct CTLA4 haplotype and a diplotype comprising the +6230A allele were significantly less frequent among cases with large opacities in chest radiographs compared to those with small ones (Pcorrected [cor] = 0.002, Pcor = 0.00045, P = 0.0005, respectively). This finding suggests that an increased T-cell activity associated with the CTLA4 +6230G allele contributes to pathology rather than to protection in pulmonary TB. 相似文献
7.
Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes of a pristine slope mire in the German National Park Harz Mountains
Nadine Tauchnitz Rainer Brumme Sabine Bernsdorf Ralph Meissner 《Plant and Soil》2008,303(1-2):131-138
Pristine peatlands covered by Histosols (bogs and fens) with high water table and a restricted oxygen (O2) availability are known to have low emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) but may be a significant source for atmospheric methane (CH4) which are both important greenhouse gases. For the first time N2O and CH4 fluxes of a pristine slope mire in the German Harz Mountains have been monitored. Previously reported peatlands are characterised
by anaerobic conditions due to high water table levels. Slope mires monitored here receive O2 through slope water inflow. Gas fluxes have been monitored deploying closed chamber method on a central non-forested area
and a forested area at the periphery of the slope mire. By means of groundwater piezometers water table levels, ammonium and
nitrate contents as well as hydro-chemical variables like oxygen content and redox potential of the mire pore water have been
concurrently measured with trace gas fluxes at both monitoring sites of the slope mire. The slope mire took up small amounts
of atmospheric methane at a rate of −0.02 ± 0.01 kg C ha−1 year−1 revealing no significant difference between the forested and non-forested site. Higher uptake rates were observed during
low water table level. In contrast to pristine peatlands influx of oxygen containing pore water into slope mire does limit
reduction processes and resultant CH4 emission. N2O fluxes of the forested and non-forested sites of the slope mire did not differ and amounted to 0.25 ± 0.44 kg N ha−1 year−1. Higher emissions were observed at low water table levels and during thawing periods. In spite of favourable conditions N2O fluxes of the slope mire have been comparable to those of pristine peatlands. 相似文献
8.
Summary Conditioned culture medium from Daudi cells was used as a source of soluble H-Y antigen. Concentrated culture medium was labeled with 125I and then fractionated by gel filtration. Column fractions were assayed for the presence of H-Y antigen by urease-ELISA. H-Y antigen-containing fractions were then pooled and subjected to an improved immunoprecipitation protocol. Three predominant H-Y antigenic proteins were identified with estimated molecular weights of above 200,000, 50,000, and 20,000. 相似文献
9.
Abstract We have analyzed the sequence downstream of rpoN from Zcinetobacter calcoaceticus and identified an open reading frame encoding a protein with high similarity to UDP- N -acetylgucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase (MurZ). Multicopy plasmids encoding this enzyme conferred phosphomycin resistance to A. calcoaceticus . The polar effect of a rpoN mutation on the phosphomycin resistance level suggests that murZ is, in part, cotranscribed with rpoN . These observations confirm that A. calcoaceticus represents the first exceptin from a conserved genetic context of rpoN observed in several other Gram-negative bacteria. 相似文献
10.
Glucoraphasatin is an atypical glucosinolate mainly found in Raphanus sativus roots and sprouts. This review focuses on the chemistry, the occurrence, and the biological properties of glucoraphasatin. 相似文献