全文获取类型
收费全文 | 237篇 |
免费 | 11篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 18篇 |
2011年 | 11篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有249条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
Indirect evidence suggests that legumes can adjust rapidly theresistance of their root nodules to O2 diffusion. Here we describeexperiments using O2 specific micro-electrodes and dark fieldmicroscopy to study directly the operation of this diffusionbarrier. The O2 concentration sensed by the electrode decreasedsharply in the region of the inner cortex and was less than1.0 mmol m3 throughout the infected tissue in nodulesof both pea (Pisum sativum) and french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).In a number of experiments the ambient O2 concentration wasincreased to 40% while the electrode tip was just inside theinner cortex. In 13 out of 21 cases the O2 concentration atthis position either remained low and unchanged or increasedirreversibly to near ambient values. In the remaining casesthe O2 concentration increased after 1 to 2.5 min and then decreasedto its former value. These results are ascribed to an increasein resistance of the barrier in response to increased O2 fluxinto the nodule. It was shown microscopically that air spacesboth at the boundary between the infected zone and the innercortex, and within the infected zone started to disappear 3min after nodules were exposed to high ambient O2 concentrationsand had disappeared completely after 8 min. These spaces werenot changed by exposure of the nodule for 10 min to either N2or air. Key words: Oxygen, root nodules, air spaces 相似文献
2.
Evolution of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene in anurans: regions of variability and their phylogenetic implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fifteen restriction sites were mapped to the 28S ribosomal RNA gene of
individuals representing 54 species of frogs, two species of salamanders, a
caecilian, and a lungfish. Eight of these sites were present in all species
examined, and two were found in all but one species. Alignment of these
conserved restriction sites revealed, among anuran 28S rRNA genes, five
regions of major length variation that correspond to four of 12 previously
identified divergent domains of this gene. One of the divergent domains
(DD8) consists of two regions of length variation separated by a short
segment that is conserved at least throughout tetrapods. Most of the
insertions, deletions, and restriction-site variations identified in the
28S gene will require sequence-level analysis for a detailed reconstruction
of their history. However, an insertion in DD9 that is coextensive with
frogs in the suborder Neobatrachia, a BstEII site that is limited to
representatives of two leptodactylid subfamilies, and a deletion in DD10
that is found only in three ranoid genera are probably synapomorphies.
相似文献
3.
N. MATHAN, M. PARANI, A. PARIDA AND S. NAIR. 1996. Strains of root-nodulating bacteria isolated from Arachis hypogaea showed physiological characteristics of both fast and slow growers. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers showed most of the genotypes could be identified using one or two primers; however, cluster analysis based on the number of bands shared by the genotypes showed a homogenous cluster. These strains were halotolerant in nature and have potential for use in saline soil. 相似文献
4.
Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr (syn. T. asthmatica), is being indiscriminately collected for medicinal use which is not sustainable. Conservation of the species requires information on existing genetic content and its distribution in different populations. In the present study, polymorphism in allozyme and RAPD profiles of five populations were analysed using six enzyme systems and ten random primers. Genetic content in terms of allozymes and RAPDs as revealed by Shannon-Weiner index was more or less same in all the populations. Evenness as calculated from observed diversity (Shannon-Weiner index, H’) and the maximum expected diversity (Hmax) for the allozymes and RAPDs was high for individual populations indicating that the distribution of genetic content was fairly uniform. From the results, it was concluded that collection of few genotypes from geographically distinct locations rather than intensive collection within one or two locations would be representative of the genetic variability present in this species. 相似文献
5.
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), especially T-cells, have both prognostic and therapeutic applications. The presence of CD8+ effector T-cells and the ratio of CD8+ cells to FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells have been used as biomarkers of disease prognosis to predict response to various immunotherapies. Blocking the interaction between inhibitory receptors on T-cells and their ligands with therapeutic antibodies including atezolizumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab and tremelimumab increases the immune response against cancer cells and has shown significant improvement in clinical benefits and survival in several different tumor types. The improved clinical outcome is presumed to be associated with a higher tumor infiltration; therefore, it is thought that more accurate methods for measuring the amount of TIL could assist prognosis and predict treatment response. We have developed and validated quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays for CD3, CD8 and FOXP3 for immunophenotyping T-lymphocytes in tumor tissue. Various types of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues were immunolabeled with anti-CD3, anti-CD8 and anti-FOXP3 antibodies using an IHC autostainer. The tumor area of stained tissues, including the invasive margin of the tumor, was scored by a pathologist (visual scoring) and by computer-based quantitative image analysis. Two image analysis scores were obtained for the staining of each biomarker: the percent positive cells in the tumor area and positive cells/mm2 tumor area. Comparison of visual vs. image analysis scoring methods using regression analysis showed high correlation and indicated that quantitative image analysis can be used to score the number of positive cells in IHC stained slides. To demonstrate that the IHC assays produce consistent results in normal daily testing, we evaluated the specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of the IHC assays using both visual and image analysis scoring methods. We found that CD3, CD8 and FOXP3 IHC assays met the fit-for-purpose analytical acceptance validation criteria and that they can be used to support clinical studies. 相似文献
6.
7.
KB Cullberg T Christiansen SK Paulsen JM Bruun SB Pedersen B Richelsen 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2013,21(3):454-460
Background:
Vascular growth is a prerequisite for adipose tissue (AT) development and expansion. Some AT cytokines and hormones have effects on vascular development, like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐A), angiopoietin (ANG‐1), ANG‐2 and angiopoietin‐like protein‐4 (ANGPTL‐4).Methods:
In this study, the independent and combined effects of diet‐induced weight loss and exercise on AT gene expression and proteins levels of those angiogenic factors were investigated. Seventy‐nine obese males and females were randomized to: 1. Exercise‐only (EXO; 12‐weeks exercise without diet‐restriction), 2. Hypocaloric diet (DIO; 8‐weeks very low energy diet (VLED) + 4‐weeks weight maintenance diet) and 3. Hypocaloric diet and exercise (DEX; 8‐weeks VLED + 4‐weeks weight maintenance diet combined with exercise throughout the 12 weeks). Blood samples and fat biopsies were taken before and after the intervention.Results:
Weight loss was 3.5 kg in the EXO group and 12.3 kg in the DIO and DEX groups. VEGF‐A protein was non‐significantly reduced in the weight loss groups. ANG‐1 protein levels were significantly reduced 22‐25% after all three interventions (P < 0.01). The ANG‐1/ANG‐2 ratio was also decreased in all three groups (P < 0.05) by 27‐38%. ANGPTL‐4 was increased in the EXO group (15%, P < 0.05) and 9% (P < 0.05) in the DIO group. VEGF‐A, ANG‐1, and ANGPTL‐4 were all expressed in human AT, but only ANGPTL‐4 was influenced by the interventions.Conclusions:
Our data show that serum VEGF‐A, ANG‐1, ANG‐2, and ANGPTL‐4 levels are influenced by weight changes, indicating the involvement of these factors in the obese state. Moreover, it was found that weight loss generally was associated with a reduced angiogenic activity in the circulation. 相似文献8.
9.
Tapan Kumar Mohanta Nibedita Mohanta Pratap Parida Sujogya Kumar Panda Lakshmi Narayanan Ponpandian Hanhong Bae 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is characterized by the presence of the T-E-Y, T-D-Y, and T-G-Y motifs in its activation loop region and plays a significant role in regulating diverse cellular responses in eukaryotic organisms. Availability of large-scale genome data in the fungal kingdom encouraged us to identify and analyse the fungal MAPK gene family consisting of 173 fungal species. The analysis of the MAPK gene family resulted in the discovery of several novel activation loop motifs (T-T-Y, T-I-Y, T-N-Y, T-H-Y, T-S-Y, K-G-Y, T-Q-Y, S-E-Y and S-D-Y) in fungal MAPKs. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that fungal MAPKs are non-polymorphic, had evolved from their common ancestors around 1500 million years ago, and are distantly related to plant MAPKs. We are the first to report the presence of nine novel activation loop motifs in fungal MAPKs. The specificity of the activation loop motif plays a significant role in controlling different growth and stress related pathways in fungi. Hence, the presences of these nine novel activation loop motifs in fungi are of special interest. 相似文献
10.