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排序方式: 共有114条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
E. Ciani P. Crepaldi L. Nicoloso E. Lasagna F. M. Sarti B. Moioli F. Napolitano A. Carta G. Usai M. D'Andrea D. Marletta R. Ciampolini V. Riggio M. Occidente D. Matassino D. Kompan P. Modesto N. Macciotta P. Ajmone‐Marsan F. Pilla 《Animal genetics》2014,45(2):256-266
Italy counts several sheep breeds, arisen over centuries as a consequence of ancient and recent genetic and demographic events. To finely reconstruct genetic structure and relationships between Italian sheep, 496 subjects from 19 breeds were typed at 50K single nucleotide polymorphism loci. A subset of foreign breeds from the Sheep HapMap dataset was also included in the analyses. Genetic distances (as visualized either in a network or in a multidimensional scaling analysis of identical by state distances) closely reflected geographic proximity between breeds, with a clear north–south gradient, likely because of high levels of past gene flow and admixture all along the peninsula. Sardinian breeds diverged more from other breeds, a probable consequence of the combined effect of ancient sporadic introgression of feral mouflon and long‐lasting genetic isolation from continental sheep populations. The study allowed the detection of previously undocumented episodes of recent introgression (Delle Langhe into the endangered Altamurana breed) as well as signatures of known, or claimed, historical introgression (Merino into Sopravissana and Gentile di Puglia; Bergamasca into Fabrianese, Appenninica and, to a lesser extent, Leccese). Arguments that would question, from a genomic point of view, the current breed classification of Bergamasca and Biellese into two separate breeds are presented. Finally, a role for traditional transhumance practices in shaping the genetic makeup of Alpine sheep breeds is proposed. The study represents the first exhaustive analysis of Italian sheep diversity in an European context, and it bridges the gap in the previous HapMap panel between Western Mediterranean and Swiss breeds. 相似文献
2.
Letizia Riggio Bevilacqua 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(5):347-352
Abstract Studies on root apical meristem. VII. Activities of some enzymes of glycolysis, of the Krebs cycle and of the pentose phosphate cycle. — The enzymes assayed are: aldolase, glyceraldheyde-3-phosphate: NAD oxidoreductase, triosephosphate isomerase, fumarate hydratase, aconitate hydratase, glucose-6-phosphate: NADP oxidoreductase, 6-phosphogluconate: NADP oxidoreductase. The determinations were made on pea roots (Pisum sativum cv. Alaska) which were obtained by germinating seeds on moist vermiculite, in the dark, at 25° C, either for 2 or 7 days. In both cases samples were collected from the meristematic zone (0-2 mm from the apex) and from the extending zone (2-4 mm from the apex). All the enzymes determined are present both in the meristematic and in the extending zone of the root. If referred to a fresh weight basis, their activities are always greater in the meristem; if referred to a dry weight or to a protein basis, the values in the meristematic zone are nearly equal to, or higher than those in the extending zone. With respect to the development of the cell in the root from the meristematic to the vacuolated state, the present results indicate that the change in volume is accompanied by increases is the enzymes tested. 相似文献
3.
Danilo ML Prado Fabiana B Benatti Ana L de Sá-Pinto Ana P Hayashi Bruno Gualano Rosa MR Pereira Adriana ME Sallum Eloisa Bonfá Clovis A Silva Hamilton Roschel 《Arthritis research & therapy》2013,15(2):R46
Introduction
Exercise training has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract physical dysfunction in adult systemic lupus erythematosus. However, no longitudinal studies have evaluated the effects of an exercise training program in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (C-SLE) patients. The objective was to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of a supervised aerobic training program in improving the cardiorespiratory capacity in C-SLE patients.Methods
Nineteen physically inactive C-SLE patients were randomly assigned into two groups: trained (TR, n = 10, supervised moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program) and non-trained (NT, n = 9). Gender-, body mass index (BMI)- and age-matched healthy children were recruited as controls (C, n = 10) for baseline (PRE) measurements only. C-SLE patients were assessed at PRE and after 12 weeks of training (POST). Main measurements included exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory measurements in response to a maximal exercise (that is, peak VO2, chronotropic reserve (CR), and the heart rate recovery (ΔHRR) (that is, the difference between HR at peak exercise and at both the first (ΔHRR1) and second (ΔHRR2) minutes of recovery after exercise).Results
The C-SLE NT patients did not present changes in any of the cardiorespiratory parameters at POST (P > 0.05). In contrast, the exercise training program was effective in promoting significant increases in time-to-exhaustion (P = 0.01; ES = 1.07), peak speed (P = 0.01; ES = 1.08), peak VO2 (P = 0.04; ES = 0.86), CR (P = 0.06; ES = 0.83), and in ΔHRR1 and ΔHRR2 (P = 0.003; ES = 1.29 and P = 0.0008; ES = 1.36, respectively) in the C-SLE TR when compared with the NT group. Moreover, cardiorespiratory parameters were comparable between C-SLE TR patients and C subjects after the exercise training intervention, as evidenced by the ANOVA analysis (P > 0.05, TR vs. C). SLEDAI-2K scores remained stable throughout the study.Conclusion
A 3-month aerobic exercise training was safe and capable of ameliorating the cardiorespiratory capacity and the autonomic function in C-SLE patients.Trial registration
NCT01515163. 相似文献4.
5.
This paper presents results from anaerobic digestion of cow manure and whey mix. A pilot scale anaerobic digester, 128 l in volume, has been developed, to operate under batch and fed-batch conditions. The versatile and unique characteristics of the instrument allowed testing the methane production directly in the farm. The digester performance was evaluated with two calibration tests, the main for a period of 56 days. The study test was divided into three phases, one for each type of feeding operation (batch, fed-batch, batch). The initial phase of digestion resulted in 57 l-CH4/kg-VS, the second phase had a yield of 86.6 l-CH4/kg-VS and the third one had a production of 67 l-CH4/kg-VS. The total methane yield was equal to 211.4 l-CH4/kg-VS. Using the obtained pilot plant results to a real scale diary production cycle, it was possible to evaluate an electricity production equal to 8.86 kwh per 1 t/d. The conducted tests did show that there is a good potential to the use of a cow manure and whey biomass mix for biogas production. 相似文献
6.
This paper describes the activity period of an experimental hybrid wetland system placed in a cold climate region. The aim is to determine the efficiency of the system in reducing TSS, BOD5, COD and other pollutants. The constructed wetland consists of a fat-removal unit and a basin for the storage and the distribution of the wastewater which precedes three phytoremediation beds: the first two are parallel and they work as submerged vertical flow wetland with gravel medium for an area of 180 m2; the last is a submerged horizontal flow wetland with sand medium and an area of 360 m2. The CW was designed to process a total estimated BOD5 loading rate of about 24 g m−2 d−1, which was less than half of the average actual loading rate. The wastewater treatment did not meet the required Italian law outflow limits, most likely due to BOD5 overloading. 相似文献
7.
Emilie M. M. Santos Wiro J. Niessen Albert J. Yoo Olvert A. Berkhemer Ludo F. Beenen Charles B. Majoie Henk. A. Marquering MR CLEAN investigators 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
Background and Purpose
In acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management, CT-based thrombus density has been associated with treatment success. However, currently used thrombus measurements are prone to inter-observer variability and oversimplify the heterogeneous thrombus composition. Our aim was first to introduce an automated method to assess the entire thrombus density and then to compare the measured entire thrombus density with respect to current standard manual measurements.Materials and Method
In 135 AIS patients, the density distribution of the entire thrombus was determined. Density distributions were described using medians, interquartile ranges (IQR), kurtosis, and skewedness. Differences between the median of entire thrombus measurements and commonly applied manual measurements using 3 regions of interest were determined using linear regression.Results
Density distributions varied considerably with medians ranging from 20.0 to 62.8 HU and IQRs ranging from 9.3 to 55.8 HU. The average median of the thrombus density distributions (43.5 ± 10.2 HU) was lower than the manual assessment (49.6 ± 8.0 HU) (p<0.05). The difference between manual measurements and median density of entire thrombus decreased with increasing density (r = 0.64; p<0.05), revealing relatively higher manual measurements for low density thrombi such that manual density measurement tend overestimates the real thrombus density.Conclusions
Automatic measurements of the full thrombus expose a wide variety of thrombi density distribution, which is not grasped with currently used manual measurement. Furthermore, discrimination of low and high density thrombi is improved with the automated method. 相似文献8.
Antarctic notothenioids are characterized by a drastic reduction of the hemoglobin content, a condition that reaches its extreme in icefish that, following a gene deletion event, are completely devoid of hemoglobin. To answer the question on what type of adaptive changes occurred in icefish to prevent accumulation of potentially dangerous ferrous iron, we investigated the genes of four proteins known to play a key role in iron metabolism. For this purpose, we cloned and sequenced the cDNAs encoding ceruloplasmin, transferrin, ferritin and divalent metal transporter 1. While the inferred amino acid sequences of transferrin from different Antarctic fish species showed a high level of similarity with the homologous proteins from other species, ceruloplasmin sequence featured amino acid substitutions affecting a copper binding site. Another peculiarity was the presence in subunit H of the icefish ferritin of the two sets of sites involved in iron oxidation and iron mineralization, which in mammals are located on two distinct ferritin subunits. Significant differences in the expression levels of the four genes were found between hemoglobinless and red-blooded notothenioids. An increased expression of ceruloplasmin mRNA in icefish was interpreted as a compensatory mechanism to prevent accumulation of ferrous iron in hemoglobinless fish. In icefish, the amounts of ferritin H-chain mRNA measured in liver, blood and head kidney were lower than in the same organs of the red-blooded fish. In the spleen of both fishes, the expression levels of ferritin H-chain were significantly lower than in the spleen of a "pink-blooded" notothenioid with an intermediate hemoglobin content. Finally, the amount of divalent metal transporter mRNA measured in the head-kidney was lower in the icefish than in the same organ of its red-blooded counterpart. These results indicate that the loss of hemoglobin in icefish is accompanied by remodulation of the iron metabolism. 相似文献
9.
The aim of this work was to sequence the promoter region of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene in four sheep breeds, in order to identify polymorphisms, infer and analyze haplotypes, and phylogenetic relationship
among the Valle del Belice breed and the other three breeds considered as ancestors. Sequencing analysis and alignment of
the obtained sequences showed the presence of 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion. A total of 22 haplotypes
found in “best” reconstruction were inferred considering the 37 polymorphic sites identified. Haplotypes were used for the
reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree using the Neighbor-Joining algorithm. The number of polymorphisms identified showed
high variability within breeds. Analysis of genetic diversity indexes showed that the Sarda breed presented the lowest nucleotide
diversity, whereas the Comisana breed presented the highest one. Comparing the nucleotide diversity among breeds, the highest
value was obtained between Valle del Belice and Pinzirita breeds, whereas the lowest one was between Valle del Belice and
Sarda breeds. Considering that polymorphisms in the promoter region of BLG gene could have a functional role associated with milk composition, the lowest value of nucleotide diversity between Valle
del Belice and Sarda breeds may be related to a higher similarity of milk composition of these two breeds compared to the
others. Further analyses will be conducted in order to evaluate the possible correlation between the genetic diversity indexes
and the BLG content in milk of our breeds. 相似文献
10.
Towards a framework for the evolutionary genomics of Kinetoplastids: what kind of data and how much?
The current status of kinetoplastids phylogeny and evolution is discussed in view of the recent progresses on genomics. Some ideas on a potential framework for the evolutionary genomics of kinetoplastids are presented. 相似文献