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1.
The second (index finger) to fourth (ring finger) digit length ratio (2D:4D) is known to be a putative marker of prenatal exposure to testosterone. It has been reported that fetal and adult testosterone may be critical for development of physical and mental traits such as cardiovascular system, reaction time, aggressiveness and masculinity. Testosterone-driven attributes are associated with success in male-to-male physical competition, which may be proxied by ability in sports. Many researchers have found that 2D:4D is sexually dimorphic and is a negative correlate of athletic performance. This study aims to investigate the associations of 2D:4D with measures of power as another possible testosterone-associated trait using ability in sumo wrestling as a proxy for male physical competitiveness. The measures of sumo performance comprised the sumo ranks and winning percentages of 142 Japanese professional sumo wrestlers. We found that sumo wrestlers with low 2D:4D had higher sumo ranks and better winning records. The significant negative associations between 2D:4D and the athletic prowess of sumo wrestlers provide further evidence of the possible link between high testosterone levels and muscle strength. The relatively small effect sizes found in this study, however, imply that 2D:4D may be a weaker predictor for sports requiring explosive power than for those requiring endurance. 相似文献
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Daisuke Takamatsu Rie Arai Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama Kayo Okumura Masatoshi Okura Teruo Kirikae Atsuko Kojima Makoto Osaki 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2013,79(12):3882-3886
Melissococcus plutonius is a fastidious honeybee pathogen, and the addition of KH2PO4 to culture medium is required for its growth. Using genome sequences and a newly developed vector, we showed that mutations in genes encoding Na+/H+ antiporter and cation-transporting ATPase are involved in the potassium requirement for growth. 相似文献
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Melissa Carrillo Suraj Pandey Juan Sanchez Moraima Noda Ishwor Poudyal Luis Aldama Tek Narsingh Malla Elin Claesson Weixiao Yuan Wahlgren Denisse Feliz Vukica Šrajer Michał Maj Leticia Castillon So Iwata Eriko Nango Rie Tanaka Tomoyuki Tanaka Luo Fangjia Marius Schmidt 《Structure (London, England : 1993)》2021,29(7):743-754.e4
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Rita Mustika Arief Budiyanto Chikako Nishigori Masamitsu Ichihashi Masato Ueda 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》2005,18(1):59-62
Defects in apoptotic system may contribute in the pathogenesis and resistance of malignant melanoma cells to chemotherapy. Apoptotic protease‐activating factor‐1 (Apaf‐1) is a cell death effector that acts with cytochrome c and caspase‐9 to mediate apoptosis. Recently it was shown that metastatic melanomas often lose Apaf‐1 and are concomitantly resistant to apoptosis. It is not known, however, whether Apaf‐1 protein is lost during melanoma progression from localized to metastatic tumor. To this end, we evaluated Apaf‐1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 10 cases of human nevi, 11 melanomas in situ, 26 primary melanomas and 15 metastases. Significant decreases in Apaf‐1 expression was observed when comparing nevi and melanomas (chi‐square = 33.719; P < 0.0001). Moreover, primary melanomas with greater tumor thickness showed lesser expression of Apaf‐1 (chi‐square = 16.182; P < 0.003). Intriguingly, we were unable to detect Apaf‐1 expression in lesions of metastatic melanomas. These data demonstrated that there is an inverse correlation between Apaf‐1 expression and pathologic stage of melanoma. This suggests that the decreased expression of Apaf‐1 seen in correlation with melanoma progression renders melanoma more resistant to chemotherapy. 相似文献
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A new leaf blight and mummy fruit disease caused by a species of Monilinia was first found on Rhododendron kaempferi at the lakeside of Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido, northern Japan, in 2002. Studies on morphology, life cycle, cultural characters, and gene analyses of the causal fungus enabled us to conclude that it is a new species of the genus. It is named M. jezoensis. Rhododendron is a new host genus for Monilinia fungi in Japan. 相似文献
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Gen Kuroyanagi Takanobu Otsuka Akira Kondo Rie Matsushima-Nishiwaki Jun Mizutani Osamu Kozawa Haruhiko Tokuda 《Biochimie》2013
We previously reported that interleukin-1 (IL-1), a potent bone resorptive cytokine, stimulates the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) via activation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) negatively regulates the IL-1-induced IL-6 synthesis through the inhibitor of κB (IκB)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. On the other hand, it is recognized that catechin possesses a beneficial property for bone metabolism. Among them, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an abundant and major bioactive component. In the present study, we investigated the effect of EGCG on the IL-1 stimulated IL-6 synthesis in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. EGCG significantly enhanced the IL-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in a dose-dependent manner in the range between 50 and 100 μM. EGCG increased the mRNA levels of IL-6 stimulated by IL-1. IL-1-induced phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB were suppressed by EGCG. On the other hand, EGCG failed to affect the IL-1-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase and AMPK. These results strongly suggest that EGCG enhances IL-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis through inhibiting the AMPK-IκB/NF-κB pathway at the point between AMPK and IκB/NF-κB in osteoblasts. 相似文献
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Takayuki Shojima Rokusuke Yoshikawa Shigeki Hoshino Sayumi Shimode So Nakagawa Takuji Ohata Rie Nakaoka Takayuki Miyazawa 《Journal of virology》2013,87(17):9943-9948
We identified a new subgroup of koala retrovirus (KoRV), named KoRV-J, which utilizes thiamine transport protein 1 as a receptor instead of the Pit-1 receptor used by KoRV (KoRV-A). By subgroup-specific PCR, KoRV-J and KoRV-A were detected in 67.5 and 100% of koalas originating from koalas from northern Australia, respectively. Altogether, our results indicate that the invasion of the koala population by KoRV-J may have occurred more recently than invasion by KoRV-A. 相似文献