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1.
Reinhard Friede 《Cell and tissue research》1953,38(2):178-184
Zusammenfassung Es wird die Auffassung unterbaut, daß die Stria terminalis eine Resorptions- bzw. Reinigungsfunktion des Liquors innehabe. Als Argumente hiefür werden angeführt: Das dort befindliche Furchenfeld, das embryonale Verhalten der Gegend, besondere Vaskularisationsverhältnisse, die Anordnung der Corpora amylacea, ferner gewisse pathologische Befunde. 相似文献
2.
Variability in Brain Gangliosides of Fishes 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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Doreen Kessner Gerald Brezesinski Sergio S. Funari Bodo Dobner Reinhard H.H. Neubert 《Chemistry and physics of lipids》2010,163(1):42-50
The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the mammalian skin, is the main skin barrier. Ceramides (CERs) as the major constituent of the SC lipid matrix are of particular interest. At the moment, 11 classes of CERs are identified, but the effect of each single ceramide species is still not known.Therefore in this article, the thermotropic behaviour of the long chain ω-acylceramides CER[EOS] and CER[EOP] was studied using X-ray powder diffraction and FT-Raman spectroscopy.It was found that the ω-acylceramides CER[EOS] and CER[EOP] do not show a pronounced polymorphism which is observed for shorter chain ceramides as a significant feature. The phase behaviour of both ceramides is strongly influenced by the extremely long acyl-chain residue. The latter has a much stronger influence compared with the structure of the polar head group, which is discussed as extremely important for the appearance of a rich polymorphism. Despite the strong influence of the long chain, the additional OH-group of the phyto-sphingosine type CER[EOP] influences the lamellar repeat distance and the chain packing. The less polar sphingosine type CER[EOS] is stronger influenced by the long acyl-chain residue. Hydration is necessary for the formation of an extended hydrogen-bonding network between the polar head groups leading to the appearance of a long-periodicity phase (LPP). In contrast, the more polar CER[EOP] forms the LPP with densely packed alkyl chains already in the dry state. 相似文献
5.
Reinhard Bürger Michael Lynch 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1995,49(1):151-163
Because of the ubiquity of genetic variation for quantitative traits, virtually all populations have some capacity to respond evolutionarily to selective challenges. However, natural selection imposes demographic costs on a population, and if these costs are sufficiently large, the likelihood of extinction will be high. We consider how the mean time to extinction depends on selective pressures (rate and stochasticity of environmental change, and strength of selection), population parameters (carrying capacity, and reproductive capacity), and genetics (rate of polygenic mutation). We assume that in a randomly mating, finite population subject to density-dependent population growth, individual fitness is determined by a single quantitative-genetic character under Gaussian stabilizing selection with the optimum phenotype exhibiting directional change, or random fluctuations, or both. The quantitative trait is determined by a finite number of freely recombining, mutationally equivalent, additive loci. The dynamics of evolution and extinction are investigated, assuming that the population is initially under mutation-selection-drift balance. Under this model, in a directionally changing environment, the mean phenotype lags behind the optimum, but on the average evolves parallel to it. The magnitude of the lag determines the vulnerability to extinction. In finite populations, stochastic variation in the genetic variance can be quite pronounced, and bottlenecks in the genetic variance temporarily can impair the population's adaptive capacity enough to cause extinction when it would otherwise be unlikely in an effectively infinite population. We find that maximum sustainable rates of evolution or, equivalently, critical rates of environmental change, may be considerably less than 10% of a phenotypic standard deviation per generation. 相似文献
6.
Bernd Höffken Reinhard Ködding Alexander von zur Mühlen Tainer Hehrmann Rolf-Dieter Hesch 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1978,539(1):114-124
The nature of the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) was investigated in rat liver homogenate and microsomes. A 6-fold rise of T3 and 2.5-fold rise of rT3 levels determined by specific radioimmunoassays was observed over 6 h after the addition of T4. An enzymic process is suggested that converts T4 to T3 and rT3. For T3 the optimal pH is 6 and for rT3, 9.5. The converting activity for both T3 and rT3 is temperature dependent and can be suppressed by heat, H2O2, merthiolate and by 5-propyl-2-thiouracil. rT3 and to a lesser degree iodide, were able to inhibit the production of T3 in a dose related fashion. Therefore the pH dependendy, rT3 and iodide may regulate the availability of T3 or rT3 depending on the metabolic requirements of thyroid hormones. 相似文献
7.
A simple, sensitive and reliable assay for serotonin and 5-HIAA in brain tissue using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
An extremely sensitive and simple method for simultaneously measuring both serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) has been developed using liquid chromatography (LC) and electrochemical detection. Assay conditions are described which resolve and measure as little as 22 picograms of serotonin and its deaminated metabolite in deproteinated brain samples. 相似文献
8.
Ribonuclease III: new sense from nuisance. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Christian Conrad Reinhard Rauhut 《The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology》2002,34(2):116-129
RNases play an important role in the processing of precursor RNAs, creating the mature, functional RNAs. The ribonuclease III family currently is one of the most interesting families of endoribonucleases. Surprisingly, RNase III is involved in the maturation of almost every class of prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA. We present an overview of the various substrates and their processing. RNase III contains one of the most prominent protein domains used in RNA-protein recognition, the double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD). Progress in the understanding of this domain is summarized. Furthermore, RNase III only recently emerged as a key player in the new exciting biological field of RNA silencing, or RNA interference. The eukaryotic RNase III homologues which are likely involved in this process are compared with the other members of the RNase III family. 相似文献
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10.
Abdul Salam Jarrah Reinhard Laubenbacher Alan Veliz-Cuba 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》2010,72(6):1425-1447
For many biological networks, the topology of the network constrains its dynamics. In particular, feedback loops play a crucial
role. The results in this paper quantify the constraints that (unsigned) feedback loops exert on the dynamics of a class of
discrete models for gene regulatory networks. Conjunctive (resp. disjunctive) Boolean networks, obtained by using only the
AND (resp. OR) operator, comprise a subclass of networks that consist of canalyzing functions, used to describe many published
gene regulation mechanisms. For the study of feedback loops, it is common to decompose the wiring diagram into linked components
each of which is strongly connected. It is shown that for conjunctive Boolean networks with strongly connected wiring diagram,
the feedback loop structure completely determines the long-term dynamics of the network. A formula is established for the
precise number of limit cycles of a given length, and it is determined which limit cycle lengths can appear. For general wiring
diagrams, the situation is much more complicated, as feedback loops in one strongly connected component can influence the
feedback loops in other components. This paper provides a sharp lower bound and an upper bound on the number of limit cycles
of a given length, in terms of properties of the partially ordered set of strongly connected components. 相似文献