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1.
Human jaw periosteum tissue contains osteoprogenitors that have potential for tissue engineering applications in oral and maxillofacial surgeries. To isolate osteoprogenitor cells from heterogeneous cell populations, we used the specific mesenchymal stem cell antigen-1 (MSCA-1) antibody and compared two magnetic separation methods. We analyzed the obtained MSCA-1+ and MSCA-1 fractions in terms of purity, yield of positive/negative cells and proliferative and mineralization potentials. The analysis of cell viability after separation revealed that the EasySep method yielded higher viability rates, whereas the flow cytometry results showed a higher purity for the MACS-separated cell fractions. The mineralization capacity of the osteogenic induced MSCA-1+ cells compared with the MSCA-1 controls using MACS was 5-fold higher, whereas the same comparison after EasySep showed no significant differences between both fractions. By analyzing cell proliferation, we detected a significant difference between the proliferative potential of the osteogenic cells versus untreated cells after the MACS and EasySep separations. The differentiated cells after MACS separation adjusted their proliferative capacity, whereas the EasySep-separated cells failed to do so. The protein expression analysis showed small differences between the two separation methods. Our findings suggest that MACS is a more suitable separation method to isolate osteoprogenitors from the entire jaw periosteal cell population.  相似文献   
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Zusammenfassung In kernlosen, wachsenden Zellfragmenten (Vorderstücke) vonAcetabularia mediterranea undAcetabularia (Polyphysa) cliftonii vermehren sich die Chloroplasten. Die Zunahme innerhalb von 2–3 Wochen betrug bis zu maximal 132%. Im Gegensatz dazu bleibt in nichtwachsenden, kernlosen Teilstücken aus der Basalregion der Zelle (Hinterstücke) die Chloroplastenzahl unverändert.Durch Verdunkelung in Gegenwart des Zellkernes (mit Rhizoid) läßt sich in Hinterstücken die Potenz für Wachstum induzieren, die nach Entfernung des Rhizoids im Licht realisiert werden kann. Gleichzeitig erhalten die Hinterstücke dabei die Fähigkeit zur Chloroplastenvermehrung.Wird in Hinterstücken die Chloroplastenzahl herabgesetzt (auf etwa ein Viertel des Normalwertes), so wird dadurch ebenfalls eine Vermehrung der Chloroplasten ausgelöst.Die Versuche sprechen dafür, daß die Vermehrung der Chloroplasten offenbar vom Verhältnis Chloroplastenprotein/Cytoplasmaprotein abhängig ist und eine Störung dieser Relation durch Abzentrifugieren der Chloroplasten bei diesen Teilungen auslöst. Die Korrelation zwischen Wachstum und Chloroplastenvermehrung dürfte auf ähnliche Weise zu erklären sein.
Multiplication of chloroplasts in enucleated cell fragments ofAcetabularia mediterranea andAcetabularia cliftonii and its dependence from internal conditions
Summary Chloroplasts in growing enucleated cell fragments ofAcetabularia mediterranea andAcetabularia (Polyphysa) cliftonii multiply (obviously by division) and their number increases within 2–3 weeks up to 132%. However, there is no division of chloroplasts in non growing enucleated parts of the basal region of the cell.Capacity for growth can be induced in segments of the basal region which normally will not grow by dark treatment in presence of the nucleus. After removing the nucleus and transfering to light the enucleated parts grow and their number of chloroplasts increases.It is also possible to induce an increase of the number of chloroplasts by centrifugation of non growing enucleated cell fragments and thereby reducing the number of chloroplasts originally present.These results suggest that the increase in the number of chloroplasts very probably by division depends upon a certain ratio chloroplastic protein/cytoplasmic protein. Any disturbances of this ratio in favour of the cytoplasmic protein obviously leads to division of chloroplasts. It seems possible that the observed correlation between growth and the multiplication of chloroplast depends upon a similar mechanism.
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The paper reports on sedimentation and viscosity measurements performed on ultraviolet-irradiated DNA from T7 phage and calf thymus. From the hydrodynamic data the relative changes in the mean molecular weight, radius of gyration, and effective Kuhn statistical segment length were calculated. The results show that ultraviolet irradiation (254 nm) leads to a significant decrease of the effective statistical segment length of DNA which may be due to small local helix kinks (produced by the generation of photodimers) and a local increase of chain flexibility. Alterations in the overall DNA conformation may be observed even at low fluences where the mean molecular weight almost stays constant. The locally distorted helix regions possibly may serve as recognition sites in the first step of excision repair.  相似文献   
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1. Rapid expansion and intensification of anthropogenic activities in the 20th century has caused profound changes in freshwater assemblages. Unfortunately, knowledge of the extent and causes of species loss (SL) is limited due to the lack of reliable historical data. An unusual data set allows us to compare changes in the most sensitive of aquatic insect orders, the Plecoptera, at some 170 locations in the Czech Republic between two time periods, 1955–1960 and 2006–2010. Historical data (1890–1911) on assemblages of six lowland rivers allow us to infer even earlier changes. 2. Regional stonefly diversity decreased in the first half of the 20th century. Streams at lower altitudes lost a substantial number of species, which were never recovered. In the second half of the century, large‐scale anthropogenic pressure caused SL in all habitats, leading to a dissimilarity of contemporary and previous assemblages. The greatest changes were found at sites affected by organic pollution and a mixture of organic pollution and channelisation or impoundment. Colonisation of new habitats was observed in only three of the 80 species evaluated. 3. Species of moderate habitat specialisation and tolerance to organic pollution were most likely to be lost. Those with narrow specialisations in protected habitats were present in both historical and contemporary collections. 4. Contemporary assemblages are the consequence of more than a 100 years of anthropogenic impacts. In particular, streams at lower altitude and draining intensively exploited landscapes host a mere fragment of the original species complement. Most stonefly species are less frequently present than before, although their assemblages remain almost intact in near‐natural mountain streams. Our analyses demonstrate dramatic restriction of species ranges and, in some cases, apparent changes in altitudinal preference throughout the area.  相似文献   
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Summary Treatment of long-term tissue cultures of carrots and of adventive embryos in these cultures with Cellulase Onozuka P 1500 and with this enzyme + Macerocym resulted in high yields of protoplasts which could be cultivated over prolonged periods (up to 5 months) in a synthetic medium + 0.6 m sorbitol. During cultivation the size of the protoplasts increased considerably ( up to 10 times) and a high percentage of multinucleate (between 2 and 13 nuclei) protoplasts were formed. However no fusion and no regeneration of cell walls were observed.  相似文献   
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Amphibian embryos are at risk of microbial infection. Here we find evidence that innate immune defenses, both antimicrobial skin peptides and mutualistic microbiota, of adult glass frogs, Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum, can be transmitted to embryos deposited on leaves above rain forest streams in Panama and can inhibit the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Abstract in Spanish is available at http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp .  相似文献   
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Suspension cultures of higher plant cells in synthetic media   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
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