The Role of Surface Water and Light on Differentiation in the Cellular Slime Molds

A key environmental factor in inducing final fruiting body differentiation in the migrating slugs of cellular slime molds is loss of contact with a surface film of water. If the slug tip reaches above the water film, fruiting tends to occur, but if it stays in contact with the surface water, continued migration is favored. Light is effective in promoting fruiting only if the phototactic slugs orient away from surface (as with overhead light) and therefore, only indirectly affects differentiation.     

梳角窃蠹的生物学与防治(鞘翅目:窃蠢科)

梳角窃蠹(Ptilinus fuscus Geoffroy)在青海省东部对杨树房木的蛀损最高达78.43%,平均为36.67%;房屋平均蛀危年限为20.46±9.42年.青杨干材的抗弯强度(kg/cm²)与其表面的蛀孔量(孔/200cm²)呈幂函数曲线相关:Y=559.9X^-0.2042.本种窃蠹2年1代.成虫主要发生于6月中、下旬至7月上、中旬;海拔每升高100米,发生期约推迟3.6天左右.成虫发生期喷洒80%敌敌畏200—400倍液4—5次,毒杀成虫有效.管氏肿腿蜂(Scleroderma guani Xiao和Wu)对潜藏在干材深层的窃蠹幼虫和蛹,有较高的寄生力.     

Growth and maturation of a North American fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus seali (Crustacea; Anostraca): a laboratory study

SUMMARY.

• 1 We evaluated survival, growth and time to maturation of the fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus seali Ryder, in the laboratory at various combinations of temperature and water hardness.
• 2 Both independent factors affected survival and growth of S. seali. Multiple regression analysis and response surface modelling predict that after 4 days, over 80% survival is obtained at temperatures from 14 to 28°C and water hardnesses from 60 to 130 mg CaCO₃ 1-^?1.
• 3 Growth rates of larvae were often maximum at physicochemical conditions other than those which had promoted maximum rates of survival. For example, after 12 days mean total body length was almost 12 mm in larvae which had been maintained at 34°C (80 mg CaCO₃ 1-^?1): the maximum survival rate had been obtained at 19°C. Total length was directly correlated with temperature at the lowest hardness tested, but not at the other two hardnesses (100 and 120 mg CaCO₃ 1-^?1). At the latter water hardnesses, total length was significantly less at 34°C than at 32°C on all three sampling occasions (4, 8 and 12 days post-hatch).
• 4 Similarly, developmental stage of larvae correlated well with temperature but larvae reared at 34°C did not develop more quickly than those reared at 32°C. After 12 days, most larvae at the two highest temperature treatments had developed at least to Stage 14 and many were nearly mature; at 17°C most larvae were still at Stage 10.
• 5 During our study of maturation rate of females we noted that egg production was initiated after completion of fourteen or fifteen moults. Mean time to maturation at 27°C (17.3±2.8 days) exceeded that at 32°C (12.3±2.6days). The minimum time to maturation of a shrimp was 9 days at 32°C.

     

β-蜕皮素对家蚕丝腺成长及合成甘氨酸、丙氨酸有关酶系的调节控制

本文研究了植源性β-蜕皮素(简称MH)对家蚕丝腺成长及合成甘氨酸、丙氨酸有关酶系的影响,探讨了5龄不同时期添食β-蜕皮素后丝腺体的成长及后部丝腺和脂肪体中丙氨酸-酮丙二酸、丙氨酸-乙醛酸和鸟氨酸转氨酶活力的变化。通过实验观察到:(1)5龄早期(饷食)添食β-蜕皮素,龄期延长8—9小时,茧层量增加,后部丝腺和脂肪体内丙氨酸-酮丙二酸转氨酶、丙氨酸-乙醛酸转氨酶在处理后6-12小时内,比对照组增高40—50%。随之酶活力略下降,至5龄后期复又升高,明显超过对照组。脂肪体中鸟氨酸转氨酶在β-蜕皮素处理后6小时和48小时均低于对照组。12—24小时以及48小时后直至老熟则明显高于对照组。(2)5龄后期(V—136小时)口腔注射β-蜕皮素,龄期缩短12—18小时。脂肪体和丝腺体中丙氨酸-酮丙二酸转氨酶、丙氨酸-乙醛酸转氨酶活力明显高于对照组(一般增高20—40%),老熟时迅速下降。本文对有关保幼激素和β-蜕皮素对5龄家蚕两种靶细胞(丝腺细胞和脂肪细胞)的相互配合和制约以完成对蚕整体的调节控制,以及这两种昆虫激素应用于蚕业生产以控制5龄期的长短和增加蚕丝产量等方面进行了讨论。     

云毛虫属一新种(鳞翅目:枯叶蛾科)

云毛虫属(Hoenimnema Lajonquiere 1973)在我国已知有6种及1亚种。我们在黄南藏族自治州麦秀林场采得1种,它的外部形态与已知者区别显著,兹定为新种。青海云毛虫Hoenimnema chinghaiensis Hsu新种(图1-2) 蛾体长约30毫米,翅展约86毫米。体翅棕褐色。触角主干赭褐色,杂生灰白色鳞片;羽枝黑     

柞蚕细胞色素P-450和酰胺酶的研究

柞蚕(Antheraea pernyi G.)在我国蚕业生产中占有重要地位,防治其病虫害主要靠农药。因此研究蚕体内与农药代谢有关的酶类是有意义的。 微粒体多功能氧化酶系(MFO)起着代谢杀虫剂的中心作用,并与杀虫剂的选择毒性,抗性以及增效现象密切相关。细胞色素P-450(下简称P-450)是MFO的关键成分,