开花的探索—植物开花的分子遗传学研究

开花是一个复杂的、发生在植物生活史上的一个重大变化:从无限型的营养生长过渡到有限的生殖结构的生长。花的形成要经历几个明显的阶段(参阅评论:Schwarz-Sommner等人,1990;Meyerowitz,1991)。首先,茎顶端分生组织停止形成叶子,而开始形成花序或花分生组织。下一步,花原基起源于这些花分生组织。接着,出现四轮花器官各自的原基——花萼、花瓣、雄蕊和心皮,并逐渐特化。最后,花器官原基分化出与其相应的细胞及组织类型。环境因子,如日照长度和温度都影响这些过程,但对于开花控制的遗传基础还不大了解。     

Soluble expression and purification of Brucella cell surface protein (BCSP31) of Brucella melitensis and preparation of anti-BCSP31 monoclonal antibodies

Brucella cell surface protein (BCSP31) is potentially useful for diagnosing brucellosis. We aimed to establish a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against Brucella melitensis BCSP31 and to investigate its distribution in diagnosis. Soluble recombinant BCSP31 was successfully expressed and purified. Two MAbs (1F1 and 1E5) against B. melitensis BCSP31, effective in detecting both recombinant and cellular proteins, were obtained and characterized. The MAbs did not react with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Bacillus aeruginosus, but strongly reacted with BCSP31 and B. melitensis by ELISA and Western blot analysis. We also tested different Brucella species and brucellosis using the prepared anti-BCSP31 MAbs. BCSP31 and anti-BCSP31 MAbs may play important roles in future research in diagnosing brucellosis.     

On the Application of Fuzzy Decision Theory in Chemotherapy

1IntreductionTheliteratUreonmulti-Criteriondecisionmaking(MCDM)problemshas~tremendouslyintherecentpast.TwomajorareashaveevolvedwhiChbothconcentrateondecisionmakingwithseveralcriteria:multiobjectivedecisionmaking(MODM)andmulti-attributedecisionmaking(MADM).TheformerconcentratesoncontinuousdecisionspaceandthelatterfocusesonproblemswithdiscreteSPace.FuzzysettheoryhascontributedtoMODMproblemsaswellastheMADMProblems.ThegeneralMODMproblemcanbedeft.edLllasfollows:Twostagescangenerallybe…     

东方大黄蜂的表皮异源移植试验

将东方大黄蜂（胡蜂）蛹或幼蜂的棕色表皮层连同含有黑色素的皮细胞层、黄色表皮层及相连的产生黄嘌呤的皮细胞层割下，换化后植入原来的黄蜂体上（原来是黄色的部分用棕色替代，棕色的用黄色替代）。然后将蛹放回原来的子脾中，幼蜂放入一特殊的培养皿中，让其复原和发育。共对200个不同时期的蛹和50只幼蜂进行了试验。结果显示，存活的最主要是将羽化的蛹（差1—2天就羽化的蛹），早期的蛹和幼蜂均死亡。总共有约5％的蛹存活，幼蛹无一存活。在存活的蛹中，棕色表皮植入黄色区域中的不但成活了，而且还保留了棕色色彩。相反，黄色表皮在植入到棕色区域的几天后，就丢失了黄色及膜片。经过表皮异源移植的大黄蜂寿命极短，一般仅几星期。羽化后较敏感，攻击性强，但行走、飞行都很正常[动物学报51（6）：1146—1150，2005]。     

The Characterisation of Residual Strain in Ensis siliqua Shells

1 Introduction Molluscan species exhibit a range of morphologies associated with their particular function and habitat. The razor clam (Ensis siliqua) is a bivalve mollusc, usually found in fine sands, that burrows up to depths of 20 fathoms (～36 m)[1]. The species is found in several coastal regions of the British Isles, the Norwegian Sea, the Baltic south, the Iberian Peninsula, the Mediterranean and along the Atlantic coast of Morrocco[2]. The protec- tive outer shell, which is often …     

Applications——Influence of Biology on Engineering

Examples are presented showing the way in which biological systems produce a range of functions which can be implemented in engineering, such as feedback-control of stiffness （muscles and nervous system）, the design of fault-free structures （trees） and damage-tolerant materials （wood） and high performance insulation （penguin feathers） and shock absorbers （hedgehog spines）.