浙江晚稻稻种非致病细菌多样性初步研究

为了解特定生态环境中晚稻稻种的非致病细菌多样性以更有效地治理水稻主要病害,于1996－2001年间对采自浙江平原、丘陵及山区的606份稻种样本进行了非致病细菌种类、频率及对水稻纹枯病和恶苗病的抑菌作用研究。从中分离出9605个菌株,经致病性测定、菌落形态及部分细菌学特征（革兰氏染色、KMB培养基上的荧光色素和扩散性非荧光色素、YDC培养基上黄色菌落的产生、好气性、鞭毛及芽孢的染色镜检等）测定后,选出代表菌株622个,连同80个对照菌株用Biolog及脂肪酸分析法（FAME）进行测试。鉴定出Pseudomonas属11个种或型及其他14属的23种非致病细菌,并发现Pseudomonas属中55％的种及其他属中49％的种存在对水稻纹枯病或恶苗病的拮抗菌株,但不同种间的抑菌率存在较大差异。3类稻区均以Bacillus spp.、Acinetobacter spp.和P.putida等3个种群为主导并同时存在许多其他相似种,其中7个常见种的分离频率在不同稻区有显著差异。     

Estimating sensitivity and specificity of a faecal examination method for Schistosoma japonicum infection in cats, dogs, water buffaloes, pigs, and rats in Western Samar and Sorsogon Provinces, The Philippines

Schistosoma japonicum causes a chronic parasitic disease, which persists as a major public health concern in The Philippines, the People's Republic of China and Indonesia. This infection is unique among helminthic zoonoses because it can infect humans and more than 40 other mammals. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique in cats, dogs, pigs, water buffaloes and rats in the Philippines. Faecal samples from each animal were collected on up to five occasions on five consecutive days in four villages of Sorsogon and Western Samar Provinces between January and July 2003. The faecal samples were analysed with the filtration and sedimentation Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique. Sensitivity and specificity of one, two, three, four, and five faecal samples were estimated using a Bayesian latent class approach. A total of 59, 43, 74, and 80% of the censored cats, dogs, pigs, and water buffaloes in the four villages were sampled, respectively. For all species, the sensitivity estimates when using the results of only 1 day of sampling were less than 80%. However, the sensitivity improved to at least 96% in all species when three or more faecal samples were collected on three separate days. The specificity was estimated to be above 92% across all species, even if just a single sample is used. The prevalences and 95% credible intervals of S. japonicum, adjusted for imperfect sensitivity and specificity, in cats, dogs, pigs, rats, and water buffaloes were 11.9% (6.8–18.3%), 19.9% (15.1–25.2%), 2.9% (1.1–5.2%), 31.3% (18.3–45.6%) and 6.3% (2.1–12.6%), respectively. Our results suggest that the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique is valid for the detection of infection with S. japonicum in animals, and that sensitivity estimates are excellent when faecal samples are collected on at least three different days. Monitoring S. japonicum infection in animal reservoirs with a valid test could contribute to more effective public health control programmes.