PISTIL DEVELOPMENT AND PARIETAL PLACENTATION IN THE PSEUDOMONOMEROUS OVARY OF ZELKOVA SERRATA (ULMACEAE)

Development of female flowers in Zelkova serrata was observed using epi-illuminated microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, with particular attention given to placentation. After the inception of staminodial primordia, the floral apex becomes flat, and the first and subsequently the second carpel primordia appear at opposite comers of the pistil primordium. Inside each carpel primordium a fossette forms. Through differential growth this depression becomes clear and the carpel wall encircles one side of the future placental region. The placental region is detectable even in early stages, but clear signs of ovule inception appear late when the placental region is elevated onto one side of the ovary wall by intercalary growth. Although the relative size of the two carpels varies among flowers, the placental position always appears to be the border between the two carpels and the floral apex. This suggests that the placentation of Zelkova is parietal. The ovule position in tricarpellate ovaries also suggests an evolutionary derivation from ovaries with parietal placentation. Parietal placentation appears to be the original condition in Urticales.     

Immunochemistry of the HLA class II molecules isolated from a mouse cell transfected with DQ alpha and beta genes from a DR4 haplotype

Cells from a mouse B lymphoma were transfected by DQ alpha and DQ beta genes derived from a DR4 haplotype. Quantitatively, the resulting expression of human class II molecules was similar to that of human B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Qualitatively, the transformant class II molecules differed from normal class II molecules in their carbohydrate moiety. As for their antigenic specificity, they were shown to carry two determinants previously identified on DQ molecules controlled by DR4 haplotypes, i. e., DQw3 and DCHON. The transformant molecules did not carry a third DR4-associated specificity, DC5 (equivalent to TA10), and must possess a structure allelic to DC5. However, no corresponding alloantigenic specificity was detected by a screening of relevant alloantisera.     

Production of β-mannosidase and β-mannanase by an alkalophilic Bacillus sp.

Summary An alkalophilic bacterium producing high amounts of the cell-associated -mannosidase and extracellular -mannanase was isolated from soil. The isolate (AM-001) that grew well in alkaline pH media was identified as a strain of Bacillus sp. The optimal cultivation temperature for enzyme production was 31° C for -mannosidase and 37° C for -mannanase with the optimum production medium composed of 1% konjac powder, 0.2% yeast extract, 2% Polypepton, 0.1% K₂HPO₄, 0.02% MgSO₄ · 7H₂O and 0.5% Na₂CO₃. Optimum pH and temperature for -mannosidase were 7.0 and 55° C, and for -mannanase were 9.0 and 65° C.     

Tyrosine Hydroxylase Is Activated and Phosphorylated on Different Sites in Rat Pheochromocytoma PC12 Cells Treated with Phorbol Ester and Forskolin

Abstract: Incubation of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells with 4β-phorbol-12β-myristate-13α-acetate (PMA), an activator of Ca²⁺/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), or forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, is associated with increased activity and enhanced phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase. Neither the activation nor increased phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase produced by PMA is dependent on extracellular Ca²⁺. Both activation and phosphorylation of the enzyme by PMA are inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with trifluo-perazine (TFP). Treatment of PC 12 cells with l-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol also leads to increases in the phosphorylation and enzymatic activity of tyrosine hydroxylase; 1, 2-diolein and 1, 3-diolein are ineffective. The effects of forskolin on the activation and phosphorylation of the enzyme are independent of Ca²⁺ and are not inhibited by TIT⁵. Forskolin elicits an increase in cyclic AMP levels in PC 12 cells. The increases in both cyclic AMP content and the enzymatic activity and phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase following exposure of PC 12 cells to different concentrations of forskolin are closely correlated. In contrast, cyclic AMP levels do not increase in cells treated with PMA. Tryptic digestion of the phosphorylated enzyme isolated from untreated cells yields four phosphopeptides separable by HPLC. Incubation of the cells in the presence of the Ca²⁺ ionophore ionomycin increases the phosphorylation of three of these tryptic peptides. However, in cells treated with either PMA or forskolin, there is an increase in the phosphorylation of only one of these peptides derived from tyrosine hydroxylase. The peptide phosphorylated in PMA-treated cells is different from that phosphorylated in forskolin-treated cells. The latter peptide is identical to the peptide phosphorylated in dibutyryl cyclic AMP-treated cells. These results indicate that tyrosine hydroxylase is activated and phosphorylated on different sites in PC 12 cells exposed to PMA and forskolin and that phosphorylation of either of these sites is associated with activation of tyrosine hydroxylase. The results further suggest that cyclic AMP-dependent and Ca²⁺/ phospholipid-dependent protein kinases may play a role in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase in PC 12 cells.     

TRH analog MK-771 reverses neurochemical and learning deficits in medial septal-lesioned rats

Microinjection of ibotenic acid into medial septum of rats decreased choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) activities in hippocampus and retarded the learning of a spatial memory task in the radial-arm maze. Administration of MK-771, a stable TRH analog, to such animals restored HACU activity in hippocampus to normal levels. Daily treatment of rats with MK-771 prior to maze running also restored the animals' learning ability. MK-771 did not enhance hippocampal HACU activity or maze performance in sham-lesioned rats. These results suggest that MK-771 reversed the ibotenic acid-induced memory deficit by restoring septohippocampal cholinergic function. MK-771 and other TRH analogs may represent novel agents for improving memory deficits produced by cholinergic insufficiency in Alzheimer's disease.     

Successful treatment for perinephric abscess with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor following nephrectomy in a patient of myelodysplastic syndrome: A case report

The 35-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and granulocytopenia with dry cough and high fever was eventually found to have a left perinephric abscess ofStaphylococcus aureus. He underwent left nephrectomy and drainage of perinephric space in conjunction with appropriate antibiotics. However, because of persistent granulocytopenia,Staph. aureus never cleared up with formation of only poor granulation. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was added to the above treatment leading to prompt improvement in granulocytopenia and emergence of the good granulation tissue. G-CSF will probably become one of the important agents in treating MDS with granulocytopenia.     

Serological recognition of HLA-DR allodeterminant corresponding to DNA sequence involved in gene conversion

HLA class 11 molecules were isolated from mouse L cells transfected with a DR gene and an allele, 52a, of locus DR III from an HLA-homozygous cell line, AVL, of the DR3 haplotype. The isolated molecules were found to possess a new allospecificity, named TR81. This specificity behaved allelic to the previously described DR III locus. The TR81 specificity was also present on the DR I gene product of the DR3 haplotype. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding TR81 differs from TR81-negative DR genes of the DRw52 family in only two codons, both located in the regions known to be involved in a gene conversion event. Consequently, the following conclusions can be formulated. (a) TR81 is a bi-locus specificity and allelic to TR22 only in its DR III locus localization. (b) The TR81 specificity is the phenotypic counterpart of the gene conversion event which led to the generation of the DR I gene of the DR3 haplotype. (c) One or both individual amino acid substitutions in the first domain of the DR chain are responsible for the TR81 allospecificity. (d) Since TR81 is expressed on the DR I chain of the DR3 haplotype, it is possible that TR81 and DR3 represent the same serological specificity.     

Clinical studies on cell-mediated immunity in patients with renal cell carcinoma: interleukin-2 and interferon-γ production of lymphocytes

Summary The authors examined interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and interferon (IFN) production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 28 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 17 control subjects. The peripheral blood was obtained prior to the initiation of therapeutic procedures. The patients were divided into two groups according to tumor size, 5 cm and >5 cm. The production of IL-2 and IFN was measured by immunoradiometric assay. As a result, in the patients with tumors >5 cm, IL-2 and IFN production was impaired. However, in the patients with tumors 5 cm, IFN production was enhanced, though IL-2 production was not significantly different from that of the control subjects. There was no significant correlation between IL-2 production and IFN production.     

Complementation study of peroxisome-deficient disorders by immunofluorescence staining and characterization of fused cells

Summary Genetic heterogeneity in peroxisome-deficient disorders, including Zellweger's cerebrohepatorenal syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy and infantile Refsum disease, was investigated. Fibroblasts from 17 patients were fused using polyethylene glycol, cultivated on cover slips, and the formation of peroxisomes in the fused cells was visualized by immunofluorescence staining, using anti-human catalase IgG. Two distinct staining patterns were observed: (1) peroxisomes appeared in the majority of multinucleated cells, and (2) practically no peroxisomes were identified. Single step 12-(1-pyrene) dodecanoic acid/ultraviolet (P12/UV)-selection confirmed that the former groups were resistant to this selection, most of the surviving cells contained abundant peroxisomes, and the latter cells died. In the complementary matching, [1^-14C]lignoceric acid oxidation and the biosynthesis of peroxisomal proteins were also normalized. Five complementation groups were identified. Group A: Zellweger syndrome and infantile Refsum disease; Groups B, C and D: Zellweger syndrome; Group E: Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy and infantile Refsum disease. We compared these groupings with those of Roscher and identified eight complementation groups. There was no obvious relation between complementation groups and clinical phenotypes. These results indicate that the transport, intracellular processing and function of peroxisomal proteins were normalized in the complementary matching and that at least eight different genes are involved in the formation of normal peroxisomes and in the transport of peroxisomal enzymes.