全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1341篇 |
免费 | 72篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 36篇 |
2014年 | 55篇 |
2013年 | 78篇 |
2012年 | 70篇 |
2011年 | 90篇 |
2010年 | 48篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 73篇 |
2007年 | 82篇 |
2006年 | 71篇 |
2005年 | 72篇 |
2004年 | 64篇 |
2003年 | 77篇 |
2002年 | 60篇 |
2001年 | 43篇 |
2000年 | 53篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 36篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1414条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
N Fatma D P Singh T Shinohara L T Chylack 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2001,276(52):48899-48907
Antioxidant protein 2 (AOP2), a member of the newly defined family of thiol-specific antioxidant proteins, has been shown to remove H(2)O(2) and protect proteins and DNA from oxidative stress. Here we report that LEDGF is one of the regulatory factors for the AOP2 gene. We found that LEDGF bound to the heat shock element and to stress-related elements in the AOP2 promoter. It trans-activated expression of AOP2-CAT in COS-7 cells and lens epithelial cells overexpressing LEDGF. Mutations in the heat shock element and stress-related elements of the AOP2 promoter reduced LEDGF-dependent trans-activation. Lens epithelial cells showed a higher level of AOP2 mRNA in the presence of LEDGF. Cells overexpressing LEDGF exhibited a higher level of AOP2 protein, the level of which was directly related to the increase in cellular protection. Thus, LEDGF, by activating the AOP2 gene, protected and enhanced the survival of cells under oxidative stress. 相似文献
2.
A simple model is presented for the estimation of image blurring in X-ray microscopy of biological specimens in a hydrated environment. The model is essentially based on thermal diffusion of an object to be imaged. The degree of image blurring by diffusion depends on the following situations of the object. The object is free from, is tightly fixed to, or is partially connected to the surrounding structures. The proper imaging time required to achieve a given resolution in X-ray microscopy of biological structures was estimated with the present method. The results suggest that imaging time shorter than 3 msec (free) to 1.4 sec (tightly fixed) is required for the observation of a cell (30 microns in diameter) at the resolution of 100 nm. The model is also applicable to a fragmented object caused by imaging X-rays. 相似文献
3.
4.
The upper limb nerves of 8 human embryos (Carnegie stages 13-21) were studied by reconstruction. In stage 13, upper limb nerves (C5-T1) extended from the spinal cord. In stage 14, these nerves united to form the nascent brachial plexus. In stages 16 and 17, the median nerve, the radial nerve and the ulnar nerve entered into the hand plate. In stages 20 and 21, the upper limb nerves were observed in an orientation and arrangement similar to those in the adult. 相似文献
5.
Kohji Egawa Naohiro Seo Takae Tanino Tomomi Tsukiyama 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1996,41(6):384-388
Q5 antigens are expressed on the surface of various experimental murine tumor cells. They share partially common antigenicity with Qa-2 alloantigens expressed on normal lymphocytes. For that reason we tested the immunoprotection by anti-Qa-2 immunization of mice against a Q5+ tumor. Nerve fibrosarcoma (NSFA) tumor, which specifically develops metastasis in the lung, has been reported to be poorly immunogenic. However, expression of the Q5 antigen was evident on the surface of NFSA cells. After immunizing (C3H/He x B6.K1)F1 (Qa-2-) mice with B6 (Qa-2+) lymphocytes, the protection against the proliferation of the semi-syngeneic NFSA tumor was examined First, immunization of normal mice induced resistance to NFSA cell transplants. Second, when the tumor cells were transplanted to the hind foot of a mouse and the resulting tumor was removed by amputating the leg, the mice were protected against the development of lung metastasis after immunization by intraperitoneal inoculation of B6 cells 3 days after tumor removal. Immunization with attenuated NFSA cells in this system failed to protect the mice from lung metastasis. On the other hand, inoculation of the mice with B6 cells without removal of the original tumor on the foot showed little effect on the progression of the tumor. Thus, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), which seemed to be present in an inactive form in the mice from which the tumor had not been removed, were induced in the mice after the removal of the major tumor followed by immunization with B6 lymphocytes. The induction of CTL by the immunization was suppressed in mice bearing large tumors. Cells stimulated by the tumor antigen seemed to be involved in the suppression. It was also shown that the Q5 antigen is the direct recognition target of the CTL since the activity of Q5-specific CTL clones in lysing tumor cells was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody specific for the Q5 antigen. In contrast to immunization with attenuated tumor cells, our novel allogeneic lymphocyte immunization procedure offers high CTL activation, by-passing the induction of T cell unresponsiveness. 相似文献
6.
V K Singh H K Kalra K Yamaki T Abe L A Donoso T Shinohara 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1990,144(4):1282-1287
S-Antigen (S-Ag) is a well characterized 45,000 m.w. photoreceptor cell protein. When injected into susceptible animal species, including primates, it induces an experimental autoimmune uveitis, a predominantly T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the retina and uveal tract of the eye, and of the pineal gland. In this study we found an amino acid sequence homology between a uveitopathogenic site of S-Ag, several viral proteins and one additional nonviral protein. An experimental autoimmune uveitis and pinealitis was induced in Lewis rats with these different synthetic peptides, corresponding to the amino sequence of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase, gag-pol polyprotein of Baboon endogenous virus and gag-pol polyprotein of AKV murine leukemia virus and potato proteinase inhibitor IIa, which contain three or more consecutive amino acids identical to peptide M in S-Ag. Lymph node cells from rats immunized with either peptide M or the different synthetic peptides showed a significant degree of cross-reaction. Mononuclear cells from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) immunized with peptide M also showed significant proliferation when incubated with either peptide M or synthetic peptides as measured by in vitro lymphocyte mitogenesis assay using [3H]TdR. Based on our findings we conclude that a viral infection may sensitize the mononuclear cells that can cross-react with self proteins by a mechanism termed molecular mimicry. Tissue injury from the resultant autoantigenic event can take place in the absence of the infectious virus that initiated the immune response. 相似文献
7.
8.
Summary The sterilizing effects of apholate and metepa on adults of the azuki bean weevil have been compared. Statistical analysis of the data shows that the physiological effect of apholate on the hatching and emergence of the offspring of the treated weevil was about two times stronger than that of metepa.
Zusammenfassung Die sterilisierenden Wirkungen von Apholat und Metepa auf erwachsene Kundekäfer wurden verglichen. Die statistische Analyse der erhaltenen Daten zeigt, daß die physiologische Wirkung von Apholat auf das Schlüpfen und Auftreten der Nachkommen der behandelten Käfer etwa zweimal stärker war als bei Metepa.相似文献
9.
The differentiation of extraocular muscles was studied immunohistochemically in externally normal human embryos (Carnegie stages 13-23), using antibodies to carbonic anhydrase (CA) III and beta-enolase as the markers of type 1 and type 2 muscle fibers, respectively. At stage 18, some myoblasts were immunoreactive to beta-enolase antibodies, however, CA-III immunoreactivity was not observed around the optic vesicle. At stage 20, CA-III immunoreactivity appeared in some muscle fibers of extraocular muscles. From stage 21 to stage 23, CA-III-immunoreactive fibers increased and almost equalled the number of beta-enolase-immunoreactive fibers. These findings suggest that CA-III-immunoreactive type 1 fibers appear in the late stage of myogenesis compared with beta-enolase-immunoreactive type 2 fibers. 相似文献
10.
Lycodes nishimurai, a new deep-sea eelpout (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) from the Sea of Japan 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A new zoarcid fish, Lycodes nishimuari, is described on the basis of four specimens from the Yamato Bank, the Sea of Japan, at depths of 642–669 m. Although this
species resembles Lycodes diapterus, L. hubbsi, L. pectoralis, L. macrochir, and L. nakamurae in having a deep notch in the pectoral fin and a single lateral line on the body, it is distinguished from them by the following
combination of characters: no scales on pectoral fin base; scales on dorsum before dorsal fin origin; suborbital, preopercular,
and last postorbital pores with risen rim; whitish lips; no whitish transverse bars on body; pectoral fin membrane and anterior
part of dorsal fin membrane without black spots; basal color of vertical fins black.
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic format at . 相似文献