Evaluation of Cage-Traps and Cable Restraint Devices to Capture Red Foxes in Spain

Abstract: A growing international concern for the welfare of animals, combined with the need to capture and handle specific species for conservation, management, or recreational purposes, is increasing the need for scientific evaluation of capture methods. We evaluated the efficiency, selectivity, and injury of cable restraint devices and cage-traps for capture of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in 4 sites of Castilla y León (Spain) during spring of 2006. All traps performed similarly at all sites, with no apparent site and trap interactions. Fox capture rates and mechanical efficiencies of the Belisle® (Edouard Belisle, Saint Veronique, PQ, Canada) and Collarum® (Wildlife Control Supplies, East Granby, CT; mention of product names does not infer endorsement) were similar, but both had higher capture rates than the cage-trap. Similar to previous studies, the Collarum was 100% selective for canids and had a selectivity of 94.4 overall, which was higher than that for the Belisle (63.4); both Collarum and Belisle were much more selective than the cage-trap (21.4). Fox injuries were statistically indistinguishable using injury scores, but the Collarum and the Belisle surpassed international standards for humane trapping; an insufficient number of animals were captured in cage-traps to allow evaluation. Both the Collarum and the Belisle may be useful for the capture of foxes in Spain, but training and experience with each may be necessary to ensure the highest efficiency while preventing injuries, especially to nontarget species. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 72(3):830–836; 2008)     

Meiofaunal responses to nutrient additions in a Mediterranean stream

1. The effects of a moderate addition of nutrients (twofold N and threefold P) were examined during a 2‐year period to determine the response to nutrient addition in a meiofaunal community inhabiting sandy patches in a Mediterranean stream. 2. The pattern of meiofaunal assemblages exhibits a high degree of intra‐ and interannual variability. This pattern alternates between periods of hydrological stability and disturbances, such as floods and droughts, which is a characteristic of Mediterranean systems. 3. A before–after–control–impact (BACI) design was used to determine the outcome of the addition by comparing an upstream non‐enriched reach with an enriched downstream reach. Analysis of the study data by means of a nonparametric permutational procedure (permanova ) showed that fertilisation had a significant effect. Density and biomass values increased in the most abundant meiofaunal groups, including microcrustaceans, oligochaetes and chironomids. Microcrustaceans were the dominant group in the permanent meiofauna. 4. We also examined differences in microcrustacean secondary production in both reaches. Ostracods and cyclopoid copepods increased their secondary production in the impacted reach as a result of the nutrient addition. 5. Our study demonstrated that moderate nutrient enrichment can affect the biomass and production of stream meiofauna, but it is still unclear whether this effect was because of autotrophic or heterotrophic pathways.     

双歧啤酒对常见病原菌的拮抗作用

目的了解双歧啤酒对常见病原菌的拮抗效果及影响因素。方法采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）、琼脂打孔法和试管稀释法（MIC法）测定双歧啤酒及其处理物（加热、不同pH）对常见病原菌的抑菌作用,同时用某市售啤酒作为对照。结果双歧啤酒及其处理物均具有一定的抑菌活性。结论双歧啤酒对常见病原菌有一定的抑菌作用,抑菌活性强于市售啤酒。     

黄河口潮间带碱蓬湿地植物-土壤系统V和Co生物累积的季节变化

2008年5—11月,对黄河口滨岸潮滩不同表现型碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)(中潮滩碱蓬,MMS,S.salsa in middle marsh;低潮滩碱蓬,LMS,S.salsa in low marsh)湿地植物-土壤系统V和Co含量的季节动态及其生物累积特征进行了研究。结果表明:MMS和LMS湿地表层土壤中V或Co含量的季节变化差异明显,但同一种湿地土壤中V和Co含量的变化模式相似。MMS(或LMS)湿地土壤的V含量均明显高于Co含量,二者在生长季的变异系数分别为12.01%、12.35%(MMS)和4.08%、4.94%(LMS)。MMS和LMS湿地表层土壤V的地累积指数(I_(geo))大多介于1—2,处于轻度污染状况;Co的I_(geo)大多介于0—1之间,处于无污染到轻度污染状态。V和Co含量在MMS不同部分中整体表现为枯落物根叶茎(P0.05),而在LMS中表现为枯落物叶茎根(P0.001)。MMS和LMS不同器官的V或Co转移能力存在较大差异,前者V和Co的R/S(根茎比)、R/L(根叶比)和S/L(茎叶比)大多大于1,后者中两种元素的相应比值则大多小于1。MMS和LMS不同部分的V和Co累积系数(AF)整体均表现为AFVAFCo,前者分别为后者的0.31—1.32、0.12—5.56、0.08—1.23、0.38—0.65倍(MMS)和0.14—0.84、0.23—0.68、0.34—0.77、0.43—0.56倍(LMS)。研究发现,MMS和LMS湿地土壤中有机质和铁锰氧化物含量的差异是导致二者V和Co含量存在差异的关键因素,而两种碱蓬生理生态学特性、所处生境水盐条件以及V和Co在不同器官扮演生态功能的差异是导致二者植物体内V和Co转移、分配与生物累积差异的重要原因。随着该区潮间带石油开采强度及石油燃料使用的增加,湿地表层土壤的V和Co(特别是V)污染问题将会逐渐凸显,而LMS可用于未来受V污染湿地修复的备选物种。     

RhoA在人脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及意义

目的:探讨RhoA在人脑星形细胞瘤中表达与肿瘤病理分级的关系.方法:免疫组化ABC法检测RhoA在80例人脑星形细胞瘤和10例正常脑组织标本中的表达并进行分析.结果:在正常脑组织中未见RhoA表达.RhoA在人脑星形细胞瘤的表达阳性率及免疫反应评分(IRS)分剐为56.25%、1.76±1.71.Ⅰ-Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤RhoA表达阳性率分别为35%(7/20)、45%(9/20)、65%(13/20)、80%(16/20).Ⅰ-Ⅳ级脑星形细胞瘤中RhoA IRS分别为0.78 1.05、1.12 1.04、2.15:1:1.59、3.31±2.14.结论:RhoA在人脑星形细胞瘤中高表达,且随着星形细胞瘤病理级别的增高而表达增强,RhoA在脑星形细胞瘤的发生过程中具有重要作用.     

云南高黎贡山地区常见"黄连"的识别与保护

探讨云南高黎贡山地区被称为"黄连"的2科6属植物的形态识别、生态及应用现状,并提出黄连植物资源保护和开发利用的建议.     

基于NDVI时间序列轨迹的草原露天矿区植被时空动态特征

采矿作用下草原露天矿区植被时空动态特征尚不明确.以胜利露天矿区为例,选取MODIS和Landsat影像,利用ESTARFM构建2001—2015年植被生长期一致的年际Landsat时间序列,以时间分割算法拟合像元NDVI时间序列轨迹,结合轨迹形态特征提取早期扰动型、持续扰动型、扰动稳定型、扰动稳定恢复型和扰动恢复型5种植被动态类型及各类型的时间特征.结果表明:胜利矿区植被动态类型以扰动恢复型为主,占各类型像元总数的55.2%,扰动稳定型和持续下降型次之,分别为25.6%和11.0%,早期扰动型和扰动稳定恢复型较小,分别为3.5%和4.7%.扰动多发于2004—2009年,稳定期多始于2008年,空间上多分布于露天采场和排土场,恢复期多始于2008年和2010年,其空间范围较小且集中于矿井外围和排土场.扰动持续时长以1年为主,稳定期持续时长以7年为主,恢复期持续时长中稳定恢复型为2～5年,扰动恢复型为8年.     

黑龙江椴树属植物叶表皮形态学观察

利用扫描电子显微镜对紫椴（Tilia amurensis Rupr.）及糠椴（T. mandshurica Rupr.et Maxim.）叶片的微观形态结构特征进行观察，并进行微观形态结构的比较研究。研究结果表明紫椴与糠椴叶片上表皮微观形态相同，而下表皮气孔器的形态类型、蜡质纹饰和角质膜的形态特征、单位面积上星状毛的数量均表现出很大的差异。这些微观形态差异可作为区分紫椴和糠椴的分类学依据。