Efficient apoptosis and necrosis induction by proteasome inhibitor: bortezomib in the DLD-1 human colon cancer cell line

The inhibition of the 26S proteasome evokes endoplasmic reticulum stress, which has been shown to be implicated in the antitumoral effects of proteasome inhibitors. The cellular and molecular effects of the proteasome inhibitor—bortezomib—on human colon cancer cells are as yet poorly characterized. Bortezomib selectively induces apoptosis in some cancer cells. However, the nature of its selectivity remains unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that, in contrast to normal fibroblasts, bortezomib treatment evoked strong effect on apoptosis of breast cancer cells incubated in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. The study presented here provides novel information on the cellular effects of bortezomib in DLD-1 colon cancer cells line. We observe twofold higher percentage of apoptotic cells incubated for 48 h with 25 and 50 nmol/l of bortezomib in hypoxic conditions and four-, fivefold increase in normoxic conditions in comparison to control cells, incubated without bortezomib. It is of interest that bortezomib evokes strong effect on necrosis of DLD-1 colon cancer cell line. We observe the sixfold increase in necrosis of DLD-1 cells incubated with 25 or 50 nmol/l of bortezomib for 48 h in hypoxia and fourfold increase in normoxic conditions in comparison to adequate controls. We suggest that bortezomib may be candidates for further evaluation as chemotherapeutic agents for human colon cancer.     

Impact of the alien plant Impatiens glandulifera on species diversity of invaded vegetation in the northern foothills of the Tatra Mountains,Central Europe

Plant Ecology - The impact of exotic annual Impatiens glandulifera on invaded European vegetation is ambiguous; there are studies reporting considerable negative as well as weak or even no impact...     

Ethylene and IAA interactions in the inhibition of photoperiodic flower induction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pharbitis nil</Emphasis>

It has been shown that both IAA and ethylene application inhibit flower induction in the short-day plant Pharbitis nil. However application of IAA has elevated ethylene production in this plant, as well. Strong enhancement of ethylene production is also correlated with the night-break effect, which completely inhibits flowering. In order to determine what the role of IAA and ethylene is in the photoperiodic flower induction in Pharbitis nil, we measured changes in their levels during inductive and non-inductive photoperiods, and the effects of ethylene biosynthesis and action inhibitors on inhibition of flowering by IAA. Our results have shown that the inhibitory effect of IAA on Pharbitis nil flowering is not physiological but is connected with its effect on ethylene biosynthesis.     

New insights into molecular pathways in colorectal cancer: Adiponectin,interleukin-6 and opioid signaling

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cause of death among neoplasms around the world. The environmental factors, like diet and obesity, are crucial in CRC pathogenesis by creating cancer-favorable microenvironment and hormonal changes. Adiponectin, the adipose tissue-specific hormone, is generally considered to negatively correlate with CRC development. The interleukin 6 (IL-6) is one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokine connected with CRC, which is strongly inflammation-associated. The opioids are variable group substantially correlated with cancers - the endogenous opioids affect immune system and cell cycle including proliferation and cell death whereas exogenous opioids are leading clinically used analgesics in terminal cancer patients. In this review we discuss the involvement of adiponectin, IL-6 and opioids in CRC pathogenesis, their link with obesity, possible cross-talk and potential novel therapeutic approach in CRC treatment.     

Ein Beitrag zur Moosflora von Bosnien

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The Analysis of Partial Diallel Crosses

The analysis of offsprings from the partial diallel crosses is presented. In considered type of crossing, p parental forms into H separate groups are devided. Single crosses among parental forms, from separate groups only, are performed. The analysis for experiments laid out in efficiency balanced block designs is given.     

Energy balance of hibernating mouse-eared batMyotis myotis: a study with a TOBEC instrument

We used a non-invasive TOBEC method (Total Body Electric Conductivity) to estimate lean body mass and fat content in mouse-eared batsMyotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) hibernating in Poznañ Forts (W Poland) and in a semi-natural cave-mine Miedzianka (SE Poland). In December, fat content averaged 5.5 g in females (body mass = 29.4 g) and 5.3 g in males (body mass = 28.4 g). At the end of hibernation (April), fat content averaged 2.2 g in females (body mass = 25.6 g) and 1.4 g in males (body mass = 23.7 g). Fat content did not differ between the localities either in December or in April, but the pattern of changes of fat content was different. We calculated the rate of energy expenditure in hibernating bats using two methods, based on independent samples (fat content in first-time captured individuals) and based on paired observations (changes of fat content in re-captured individuals), and discussed problems associated with the two approaches. Both methods show that the bats need about 4.9 g of fat (191 kJ) to sustain a 165-day hibernation. However, the rate of fat usage varied considerably between the sites and hibernation phase. Although the average amount of fat remaining in April would be sufficient to support at least six more weeks of hibernation, the level of reserves was close to zero in some individuals.     

Lesions of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus produce a temporary hyperalgesia and attenuate stress-evoked analgesia

In an attempt to elucidate the role of β-endorphin in the modulation of ‘basal’ nociceptive threshold and in the mediation of the antinociception (analgesia) evoked by stress, a series of lesions of the arcuate nucleus, the origin of the central system of β-endorphinergic neurones, were performed. These lesions produced an ～80% depression in the level of β-endorphin immunoreactivity in both the hypothalamus and periventricular β-endorphinergic fibre-containing tissue. A 50% decrease in the neurointermediate lobe content of immunoreactivity, but no change in the levels of this in the anterior lobe was also observed. Arcuate lesioned rats were significantly hyperalgesic in comparison to sham animals on day 4 post-operation, but on days 10 and 12, the basal nociceptive threshold of lesioned and sham groups did not differ significantly. On day 12 post-surgery upon exposure to 5 min foot-shock stress, lesioned rats developed a significantly smaller increase in tail-flick latency than did sham animals. These data are evidential of the importance of the arcuate nucleus in the determination of basal nociceptive threshold and in the generation of the analgesia which accompanies stress and are, further, suggestive of a role of central β-endorphin in the mediation of these processes.