A new non-equilibrium enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for a glycogen-derived urinary tetrasaccharide

The tetrasaccharide, Glc1-6Glc1-4Glc1-4Glc, denoted (Glc)₄, is a limit dextrin formed by amylolytic degradation of glycogen. In order to evaluate the possible clinical importance of (Glc)₄ excretion as an indicator of certain physiological and pathological conditions, we have developed a new rapid and inexpensive immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody raised against (Glc)₄ glycosidically-linked to a carrier protein. As the antibody is highly specific, it can be used to measure native (Glc)₄ directly, without the chemical reduction step required in previous methods. A new type of non-equilibrium ELISA inhibition test was developed based on the capacity of free (Glc)₄ to decrease initial rates of antibody binding to (Glc)₄-coated microtiter wells. The method is highly reproducible and is as sensitive and accurate as the gas chromatography method or radioimmunoassay used previously.Abbreviations (Glc)₄ Glc1-6Glc1-4Glc1-4Glc - KLH keyhole limpet hemacyanin - BSA bovine serum albumin - PEG polyethylene glycol     

牛磺酸对乳鼠心肌细胞内钙浓度的影响

研究低氧、复氧对乳鼠心肌细胞内钙离子浓度的影响,以及牛磺酸在模拟心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)过程中对细胞内钙的调节作用。采用SD大鼠乳鼠进行心肌细胞培养,建立模拟I/R模型。以Fluo-4/AM荧光指示剂负载,应用激光共聚焦显微镜技术(confocal laser scanning microscope,CLSM)检测心肌细胞钙离子浓度的变化。对照组心肌细胞内钙离子荧光强度(23.71±2.37U)较低;低氧180 min后复氧即刻,钙离子荧光强度开始增加(57.52±8.31U),复氧180 min后钙离子荧光强度(71.13±4.74U)显著增高(P<0.01vs对照组)。而牛磺酸组细胞内钙离子荧光强度较模拟I/R组显著降低[(42.42±4.17U)vs(71.13±4.74U),P<0.01]。心肌细胞缺血/缺氧导致Ca2+超载;模拟I/R Ca2+超载加剧,而牛磺酸有明显减轻心肌细胞模拟I/R时Ca2+超载的作用。     

Oculomotor Deficits after Chemotherapy in Childhood

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric malignancies have substantially increased the number of childhood cancer survivors. However, reports suggest that some of the chemotherapy agents used for treatment can cross the blood brain barrier which may lead to a host of neurological symptoms including oculomotor dysfunction. Whether chemotherapy at young age causes oculomotor dysfunction later in life is unknown. Oculomotor performance was assessed with traditional and novel methods in 23 adults (mean age 25.3 years, treatment age 10.2 years) treated with chemotherapy for a solid malignant tumor not affecting the central nervous system. Their results were compared to those from 25 healthy, age-matched controls (mean age 25.1 years). Correlation analysis was performed between the subjective symptoms reported by the chemotherapy treated subjects (CTS) and oculomotor performance. In CTS, the temporal control of the smooth pursuit velocity (velocity accuracy) was markedly poorer (p<0.001) and the saccades had disproportionally shorter amplitude than normal for the associated saccade peak velocity (main sequence) (p = 0.004), whereas smooth pursuit and saccade onset times were shorter (p = 0.004) in CTS compared with controls. The CTS treated before 12 years of age manifested more severe oculomotor deficits. CTS frequently reported subjective symptoms of visual disturbances (70%), unsteadiness, light-headedness and that things around them were spinning or moving (87%). Several subjective symptoms were significantly related to deficits in oculomotor performance. To conclude, chemotherapy in childhood or adolescence can result in severe oculomotor dysfunctions in adulthood. The revealed oculomotor dysfunctions were significantly related to the subjects’ self-perception of visual disturbances, dizziness, light-headedness and sensing unsteadiness. Assessments of oculomotor function may, thus, offer an objective method to track and rate the level of neurological complications following chemotherapy.     

多重聚合酶链反应与荚膜肿胀试验对肺炎链球菌血清分型的比较研究

为评估多重聚合酶链反应（PCR ）对肺炎链球菌血清分型的可行性,分别采用多重PCR和荚膜肿胀试验对568株肺炎链球菌进行血清分型,并对分型结果进行比较分析。结果显示,568株肺炎链球菌中,213株通过荚膜肿胀试验分出16个血清群,主要有血清群19（23．1％,131／568）、6（5．3％,30／568）、23（1．6％,9／568）、14（1．4％,8／568）、9（1．1％,6／568）、15（1．1％,6／568）等,分型率为37．5％（213／568）;356株通过多重PCR分出21个血清群,主要有血清群19（27．8％,158／568）、23（8．5％,48／568）、6（7．4％,42／568）、14（4．4％,25／568）、3（4．2％,24／568）、15（3．5％,20／568）等,分型率为62．7％（356／568）。荚膜肿胀试验鉴定出血清群4和18,但多重PCR未能鉴定;多重PCR鉴定出血清群5、12、35、16、17和22,但荚膜肿胀试验未能鉴定。多重PCR与荚膜肿胀试验对19F、19A血清型的鉴定无显著差异。结果提示,这2种方法对肺炎链球菌血清分型结果有差别,多重PCR的分型率高于荚膜肿胀试验。对来源复杂的标本进行肺炎链球菌血清分型,2种方法可相互补充,以提高分型率。     

太湖梅梁湾大型控藻围栏对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响

2005年对太湖梅梁湾大型鲢、鳙控藻围栏内外浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节变化进行了监测.结果表明:围栏内外的环境因子、浮游植物生物量、浮游甲壳动物种类组成无显著差异.但鲢、鳙放养对浮游甲壳动物的生物量产生了较大的影响,围栏内浮游甲壳动物的总生物量和枝角类的生物量显著低于围栏外.总体上,枝角类各种类的生物量受鲢、鳙放养的影响程度大于桡足类的种类.太湖梅梁湾浮游甲壳动物的季节演替明显,大部分种类只是季节性出现.冬季和春季以溞(Daphnia sp.)和近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicnus)等大型种类为主,夏季和秋季以象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.)、角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia cornuta)和中华窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona sinensis)等小型种类为主.典范对应分析表明,透明度、温度和浮游植物的生物量是影响浮游甲壳动物季节变化的主要因素.     

以化学纯饲料饲养北京的桃蚜

应用修改后的Dadd和Mitter(1966)全纯饲料配方配制成人工饲料饲养定居在北京温室烟草上的桃蚜 Myzus persicae可完成生活史井连续饲养3代。本文描述饲料配制、饲养和取食量测定的方法。这3代初羽化无翅孤雌胎生雌蚜的平均体重分别为:440±90.7μg,264±104.9μg和312±127.9μg。用放射性同位素稀释法测定取食量的结果得悉若虫期的总取食量每蚜约为1.74μg,相当于1.16μl。     

线艺建兰的组织培养和快速繁殖(简报)

以线艺建兰茎尖、腋芽为外植体,接种在1/2MS 6-BA 3.0mg/L NAA 0.3mg/L培养基上形成原球茎,原球茎在1/2MS 6-BA 0.1mg/L NAA 1.0mg/L培养基上可大量增殖,并伸长生长形成丛生型根状茎;根状茎在MS 6-BA 2.0mg/L PP333 1.0mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L培养基上可分化成小苗,分化率达46.3%;小苗在MS IBA 1.0mg/L GA 0.5mg/L 香蕉泥100g/L的培养基上生根壮苗,生根率达100%.     

五节芒定居对尾矿砂重金属形态、微生物群落功能及多样性的影响

选择尾矿砂裸地和4个五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)定居地(RI、RII、RIII和RIV)为样地, 分别研究了五节芒定居对尾矿砂重金属形态转化和微生物功能参数的影响。结果表明: 五节芒自然定居显著地提高了尾矿砂碳酸盐结合态和硫化物-有机物结合态重金属比例(p＜0.05), 降低了尾矿砂残渣态重金属的比例(p＜0.05)。土壤微生物群落的纤维素分解作用、酚转化作用、固氮作用、氨化作用、硝化作用、有机磷转化作用、功能多样性、4类不同碳源(碳水化合(CH)、聚合物(PL)、胺类化合物(AM)和杂合物(ML))均随着五节芒自然定居显著提高(p＜0.05)。而氨基酸(AA)的利用强度却显著下降(p＜0.05)。典范相关分析(CCA)表明: 土壤微生物功能参数的总体变化与土壤碳酸盐结合态和硫化物-有机物结合态重金属的含量呈显著正相关, 与残渣态重金属含量呈显著负相关。该研究结果表明, 五节芒定居不仅促进了尾矿砂重金属朝着沉淀态和螯合态方面转化, 而且还显著地改善了尾矿砂微生物群落的功能发挥。因而, 五节芒在重金属矿业废弃地恢复实践中具有较大的应用潜力。     

合肥秋冬季茶园天敌对假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜的空间跟随关系

为了合理保护和利用天敌及科学地选取抽样方法,开展了合肥地区秋冬季4个品种茶园假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitisGothe和茶蚜Toxoptera aurantii Boyer与其天敌之间空间关系研究,运用地学统计学方法求得天敌和害虫各自的变程,用灰色关联度分析方法分析害虫与天敌变程的关联度,关联度值越大的天敌在空间上对害虫的跟随关系越密切。分析了2010年9月28日至11月25日期间假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜数量最少的舒茶早茶园和二种害虫数量最多的平阳特早茶园天敌对害虫空间上的跟随关系,结果表明,二种茶园的假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜及其4种主要天敌均为聚集分布,舒茶早茶园与假眼小绿叶蝉空间上跟随关系密切的前二位天敌是斜纹猫蛛Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch(0.8594)和草间小黑蛛Erigonidium graminicolum Sundevall(0.8397),与茶蚜空间上跟随关系密切的前二位天敌是草间小黑蛛(0.7448)和斜纹猫蛛(0.7433);平阳特早茶园与假眼小绿叶蝉空间上跟随关系密切的前二位天敌是八斑球腹蛛Theridion ocomaculatum Bose.et Str(0.8207)和斜纹猫蛛(0.8104),与茶蚜空间上跟随关系密切的前二位天敌是八斑球腹蛛(0.8324)和斜纹猫蛛(0.7730)。其中,11月25日4种茶园假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜数量均较多。分析了该日另外二个茶树品种福云六号和龙井长叶茶园假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜与其天敌的空间关系,结果表明,二种茶园假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜及其天敌均为聚集分布,福云六号茶园与假眼小绿叶蝉变程值(3.8182)最接近的天敌是斜纹猫蛛(4.7222),与茶蚜变程值(6.5854)最接近的天敌是斜纹猫蛛(4.7222);龙井长叶茶园与假眼小绿叶蝉变程值(1.0000)最接近的天敌是八斑球腹蛛(1.0000),与茶蚜变程值(4.5000)最接近的天敌是斜纹猫蛛(7.6316)。总之,秋冬季4个品种茶园斜纹猫蛛在空间上是假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜跟随关系最密切的天敌,其次是八斑球腹蛛和草间小黑蛛。