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华西银腊梅挥发油化学成分的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用水蒸气蒸馏法提取华西银腊梅挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其挥发油的化学成分进行分析,结果共鉴定了其中的39种成分,所鉴定成分含量约占总检出量的87.83%。其化学成分主要为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(9.00%),壬醛(5.83%),二十一烷(5.69%),二十烷(5.08%),辛炔酸(4.50%),2,6,10,15-四甲基十七烷(3.93%),(Z)-6-十八烯酸甲酯(3.65%),3,8-二甲基十一烷(3.52%),1-十六碳炔(3.31%),肉豆蔻酸(2.86%),月桂醛(2.81%),壬酸(2.23%),5,6,7,7α-四氢-4,4,7α三甲基-2(4H)-苯并呋喃酮(2.18%)等。 相似文献
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Trade in freshwater ornamental fish in South Africa is currently regulated by a ‘blacklist’ to prevent potentially invasive taxa from establishing in the country. Because its effective implementation requires accurate identification, the aim of the present study was to test whether DNA barcoding is a useful tool to identify freshwater fishes in the South African pet trade. A total of 351 aquarium fish specimens, representing 185 traded taxa, were sequenced for the mitochondrial COI barcoding marker in 2011 and 2012. Lake Malawi cichlids were treated as a single group due to a lack of resolution in their COI marker, resulting in a data set of 137 successfully sequenced taxa. The Barcode Of Life Database (BOLD) and GenBank were used for taxonomic assignment comparisons. The genetic identification matched the scientific name inferred from the trade name for 60 taxa (43.8%) using BOLD, and for 67 taxa (48.9%) using GenBank. A genetic ID could not be assigned in 47 (34.3%) cases using BOLD and in 37 cases (27%) using GenBank. Whereas DNA barcoding can be a useful tool to help identify imported freshwater fishes, it requires further development of publicly available databases to become a reliable means of identification. 相似文献
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Carita Lindstedt Leena Lindström Johanna Mappes 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2009,63(2):469-478
Evolution of conspicuous signals may be constrained if animal coloration has nonsignaling as well as signaling functions. In aposematic wood tiger moth ( Parasemia plantaginis ) larvae, the size of a warning signal (orange patch on black body) varies phenotypically and genetically. Although a large warning signal is favored as an antipredator defense, we hypothesized that thermoregulation may constrain the signal size in colder habitats. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a factorial rearing experiment with two selection lines for larval coloration (small and large signal) and with two temperature manipulations (high and low temperature environment). Temperature constrained the size and brightness of the warning signal. Larvae with a small signal had an advantage in the colder environment, which was demonstrated by a faster development time and growth rate in the low temperature treatment, compared to larvae with a large signal. Interestingly, the larvae with a small signal were found more often on the plant than the ones with a large signal, suggesting higher basking activity of the melanic (small signal) individuals in the low temperature. We conclude that the expression of aposematic display is not only defined by its efficacy against predators; variation in temperature may constrain evolution of a conspicuous warning signal and maintain variation in it. 相似文献
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Evolution of costly secondary defences for a cryptic prey is puzzling, if the prey is already well protected by camouflage.
However, if the chemical defence is not sufficient to deter all predators, selection can favour low signal intensity in defended
prey. Alternatively, if the costs of chemical defence are low or cost-free, chemical defences can be expected to evolve also
for non-signalling prey, particularly if conspicuous signalling is costly. We tested these assumptions with pine sawfly larvae
(Neodiprion sertifer and Diprion pini) that are cryptically coloured and chemically defended with resin acids sequestered from their host plant (Pinus sp.). Larvae
feed in large aggregations, which we hypothesise could function as a signal of unprofitability. Our results show that even
though the birds found N. sertifer larvae unprofitable in the controlled laboratory assays, they continued attacking and consuming them in the wild. When we
tested the signal value of aggregation we found that a large group size did not offer protection for a defended larva: the
survival was higher in groups of 10 individuals compared to groups of 50, suggesting increased detectability costs for individuals
in larger groups. Finally, we tested how costly the production and maintenance of a chemical defence is for D. pini larvae by manipulating the resin acid content of the diet. We did not find any life history or immunological costs of the
chemical defence for the larvae. In contrast, pupal weights were higher on the high resin diet than on the low resin diet.
Also, larvae were able to produce higher amounts of defence fluids on the high diet than on the low diet. Thus, our result
suggests high detectability costs and low production costs of defences could explain why some unprofitable species have not
evolved conspicuous signals. 相似文献
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苯肼对红细胞在体衰老过程中微观流变特性的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
在Brunara等人用苯肼使动物造成急性溶血性贫血的方法基础上,建立一种由急性溶血性贫血后,而诱发家兔幼红细胞增多的非正常生理状态的红细胞在体衰老模型,继而研究新生红细胞从产生到死亡死亡过程,即衰老过程的流变学特性的变化规律。通过对新生红细胞的压积、变形、取向及与之相应的全血的粘度、血沉等指标的连续60多天的监测,发现红细胞在衰老过程中的微观流变学特性确实有明显改变。红细胞在体衰老过程中微观流变特性逐渐变差。 相似文献
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