全文获取类型
收费全文 | 291篇 |
免费 | 67篇 |
出版年
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 5篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 4篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 6篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
1972年 | 10篇 |
1971年 | 11篇 |
1970年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
1960年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有358条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A transcribed gene in an intron of the human factor VIII gene 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
2.
3.
L M Wheatley D Urso K Tumas J Maltzman E Loh A I Levinson 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1992,148(10):3105-3109
The presence and structure of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the thymus has been a subject of interest for many years because of its possible role in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis. Using the polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for the alpha-chain of nAChR (nAChR-alpha), an 880-bp homologous band was found after amplification of cDNA prepared from mouse thymus, thymic medullary and cortical epithelial cell lines, but not from thymocytes or kidney. Sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction product from the thymus and thymic medullary and cortical epithelial lines showed identity with skeletal muscle nAChR-alpha over the region examined. This region includes the domains of the molecule on which B cell and T cell autoantigenic targets have been described. No evidence was found in mouse tissue for the exon 3A, which has been described in human muscle and the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line TE671. Our results provide evidence at the RNA level for the expression of the nAChR-alpha on stromal cells but not on thymocytes in normal murine thymus and are consistent with a role for intrathymic autoantigen expression in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. 相似文献
4.
Summary The voltage-dependent sodium channel from the eel electroplax was purified and reconstituted into vesicles of varying lipid composition. Isotopic sodium uptake experiments were conducted with vesicles at zero membrane potential, using veratridine to activate channels and tetrodotoxin to block them. Under these conditions, channel-dependent uptake of isotopic sodium by the vesicles was observed, demonstrating that a certain fraction of the reconstituted protein was capable of mediating ion fluxes. In addition, vesicles untreated with veratridine showed significant background uptake of sodium; a considerable proportion of this flux was blocked by tetrodotoxin. Thus these measurements showed that a significant subpopulation of channels was present that could mediate ionic fluxes in the absence of activating toxins. The proportion of channels exhibiting this behavior was dependent on the lipid composition of the vesicles and the temperature at which the uptake was measured; furthermore, the effect of temperature was reversible. However, the phenomenon was not affected by the degree of purification of the protein used for reconstitution, and channels in resealed electroplax membrane fragments or reconstituted, solely into native eel lipids did not show this behavior. The kinetics of vesicular uptake through these spontaneously-opening channels was slow, and we attribute this behavior to a modification of sodium channel inactivation. 相似文献
5.
6.
Numerous transposed sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I-II in aphids of the genus Sitobion (Hemiptera: Aphididae) 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products corresponding to 803 bp of the
cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA
COI-II) were deduced to consist of multiple haplotypes in three Sitobion
species. We investigated the molecular basis of these observations. PCR
products were cloned, and six clones from one individual per species were
sequenced. In each individual, one sequence was found commonly, but also
two or three divergent sequences were seen. The divergent sequences were
shown to be nonmitochondrial by sequencing from purified mtDNA and Southern
blotting experiments. All seven nonmitochondrial clones sequenced to
completion were unique. Nonmitochondrial sequences have a high proportion
of unique sites, and very few characters are shared between
nonmitochondrial clones to the exclusion of mtDNA. From these data, we
infer that fragments of mtDNA have been transposed separately (probably
into aphid chromosomes), at a frequency only known to be equalled in
humans. The transposition phenomenon appears to occur infrequently or not
at all in closely related genera and other aphids investigated. Patterns of
nucleotide substitution in mtDNA inferred over a parsimony tree are very
different from those in transposed sequences. Compared with mtDNA,
nonmitochondrial sequences have less codon position bias, more even
exchanges between A, G, C and T, and a higher proportion of nonsynonymous
replacements. Although these data are consistent with the transposed
sequences being under less constraint than mtDNA, changes in the
nonmitochondrial sequences are not random: there remains significant
position bias, and probable excesses of synonymous replacements and of
conservative inferred amino acid replacements. We conclude that a
proportion of the inferred change in the nonmitochondrial sequences
occurred before transposition. We believe that Sitobion aphids (and other
species exhibiting mtDNA transposition) may be important for studying the
molecular evolution of mtDNA and pseudogenes. However, our data highlight
the need to establish the true evolutionary relationships between sequences
in comparative investigations.
相似文献
7.
Language is the best example of a cultural evolutionary system, able to retain a phylogenetic signal over many thousands of years. The temporal stability (conservatism) of basic vocabulary is relatively well understood, but the stability of the structural properties of language (phonology, morphology, syntax) is still unclear. Here we report an extensive Bayesian phylogenetic investigation of the structural stability of numerous features across many language families and we introduce a novel method for analyzing the relationships between the “stability profiles” of language families. We found that there is a strong universal component across language families, suggesting the existence of universal linguistic, cognitive and genetic constraints. Against this background, however, each language family has a distinct stability profile, and these profiles cluster by geographic area and likely deep genealogical relationships. These stability profiles seem to show, for example, the ancient historical relationships between the Siberian and American language families, presumed to be separated by at least 12,000 years, and possible connections between the Eurasian families. We also found preliminary support for the punctuated evolution of structural features of language across families, types of features and geographic areas. Thus, such higher-level properties of language seen as an evolutionary system might allow the investigation of ancient connections between languages and shed light on the peopling of the world. 相似文献
8.
9.
A rapid and precise assay for tetrodotoxin binding to detergent extracts of excitable tissues 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Tetrodotoxin binding sites in detergent extracts of electric organ membranes from Electrophorus electricus may be conveniently and precisely quantified by a rapid gel filtration assay. This procedure also allows estimation of the equilibrium and kinetic binding parameters describing the interaction of tetrodotoxin with a soluble site. However, the binding of saxitoxin could not be well quantified by this assay, and serves as an example of the limitations of the method as applied to other ligand/receptors systems. 相似文献
10.