全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5635篇 |
免费 | 481篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 40篇 |
2022年 | 27篇 |
2021年 | 135篇 |
2020年 | 127篇 |
2019年 | 136篇 |
2018年 | 116篇 |
2017年 | 113篇 |
2016年 | 182篇 |
2015年 | 378篇 |
2014年 | 377篇 |
2013年 | 353篇 |
2012年 | 464篇 |
2011年 | 481篇 |
2010年 | 250篇 |
2009年 | 191篇 |
2008年 | 272篇 |
2007年 | 228篇 |
2006年 | 233篇 |
2005年 | 211篇 |
2004年 | 178篇 |
2003年 | 150篇 |
2002年 | 153篇 |
2001年 | 120篇 |
2000年 | 97篇 |
1999年 | 93篇 |
1998年 | 51篇 |
1997年 | 55篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 41篇 |
1994年 | 38篇 |
1993年 | 40篇 |
1992年 | 72篇 |
1991年 | 61篇 |
1990年 | 57篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 42篇 |
1987年 | 44篇 |
1986年 | 43篇 |
1985年 | 40篇 |
1984年 | 50篇 |
1983年 | 29篇 |
1982年 | 28篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 20篇 |
1979年 | 36篇 |
1978年 | 23篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 17篇 |
1974年 | 20篇 |
1972年 | 18篇 |
排序方式: 共有6117条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
J. M. Cooney J. L. Vanneste D. R. Lauren & R. A. Hill 《Letters in applied microbiology》1997,24(1):47-50
An assay relating bioactivity to levels of the antifungal compound 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PAP) has been developed. Using Cladosporium strain NZ660US as indicator at a spore concentration of 5×106 spores overlay−1 on malt (adjusted to pH 3·5) agar plates, this assay allows quantitative determination of 6PAP down to a detection limit of 0·5% v/v. This will allow rapid screening of Trichoderma culture extracts to compare the bioactivity of isolates grown under different culture conditions, and can be used in combination with analytical chemical analysis to identify the presence of other bioactive metabolites. 相似文献
3.
This study evaluates causal relationships between chronic exposure of fish to metals and effects at different levels of biological organization based on a weight-of-evidence approach. Criteria for evaluation of causality were strength, consistency, and specificity of the association, as well as biological gradient and plausibility. Field sampling was conducted three times between 1998 and 2000, in Furnas Stream, impacted by an abandoned lead mine, and in three other locations, including two reference and one impacted sites. Levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ag in sediments from the Furnas Stream exceeded background levels, and their concentrations were above sediment quality guidelines. Residual levels of metals in fish tissue were high enough to indicate reduced growth, reproduction and/or survival according to toxicological benchmarks. Lead-induced biochemical changes (ALA-D activity depletion) were observed in two species of siluriform catfish. The condition factor of a predatory catfish was reduced, and the percentage of prey generalists was higher in Furnas than at the noncontaminated sites. Reduction in fish community diversity and density was observed. Integration of data provided supporting evidence that observed effects on fish from the Furnas Stream resulted from long-term exposure to metals, however influences from other stressors cannot be ruled out. 相似文献
4.
Lauren Porter Jennifer Duke Meredith Hennon David Dekevich Erik Crankshaw Ghada Homsi Matthew Farrelly 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Recent youth trends in the prevalence of e-cigarette and traditional cigarette use in Florida were examined in a cross-sectional, representative state sample from 2011 to 2014. Traditional cigarette use among youth declined during the study period. Experimentation with and past 30-day use of e-cigarettes among Florida youth tripled over 4 years. Past 30-day e-cigarette use exceeded traditional cigarette use in 2014; 10.8% of high school and 4.0% of middle school students reported recent e-cigarette use, compared with 8.7% of high school and 2.9% of middle school students for traditional cigarettes (P<0.001). By 2014, 20.5% of high school and 8.5% of middle school students reported ever use of e-cigarettes. Among ever e-cigarette users in 2014, 30.3% of high school and 42.2% of middle school students had never smoked traditional cigarettes. Given the concern that significant rates of e-cigarette use by U.S. adolescents may have a negative effect on public health, further review of e-cigarette advertising, marketing, sales, and use among U.S. youth is warranted. 相似文献
5.
6.
Lauren E. McCullough Erline E. Miller Qiong Wang Jia-yuan Li Li Liu Hui Li Jing Zhang Jennifer S. Smith 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
The incidence of breast cancer has increased in Asian countries and rates of hormone receptor (HR) negative breast cancer exceed those of Western countries. Epidemiologic data suggest that the association between body size and BC risk may vary by HR status, and could differ geographically. While body size may influence BC risk by moderating the synthesis and metabolism of circulating sex-steroid hormones, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and related binding proteins, there is a dearth of literature among Asian women. We aimed to examine these specific associations in a sample of Chinese women. In Sichuan Province 143 women aged ≥40 years were recruited through outpatient services (2011–2012). Questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples were utilized for data collection and linear regression was applied in data analyses. Among women <50 years we observed a non-monotonic positive association between body mass index (BMI) and 17β-estradiol, and a reversed J-shaped association between BMI and IGF-1 (p ≤0.05). We observed similar associations between waist-to-hip ratio and these markers. Our finding of augmented IGF-1 among women with low body mass may have implications for understanding breast tumor heterogeneity in diverse populations and should be evaluated in larger prospective studies with cancer outcomes. 相似文献
7.
S E Andersson C Zackrisson A Hemsén J M Lundberg 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1992,188(3):1116-1121
Intratracheal instillation of Sephadex beads induced a long-lasting inflammation in the rat lung as seen by an increase in lung weights. Repeated instillation enhanced this reaction and increased lung endothelin-1 content 3.5 times. Budesonide given s.c. abolished these effects and even reduced basal endothelin-1 content by 72%. The tissue content of the sensory neuropeptide neurokinin A were unaffected by both treatments. Endothelin has been proposed to play a part in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. If it is so, the ability of budesonide to reduce endothelin-1 content could thus be added to the list of beneficial effects of glucocorticosteroids in these conditions. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Since it was first detected in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) quickly spread, becoming the dominant vector-borne disease in North
America. Sometimes fatal to humans, WNV is even more widespread among birds, with hundreds of species known to be susceptible
to WNV infection in North America alone. However, despite considerable mortality and local declines observed in American crows
(Corvus brachyrhynchos), there has been little evidence of a large regional association between WNV susceptibility and population declines of any
species. Here we demonstrate a correlation between susceptibility to WNV measured by large-scale testing of dead birds and
two indices of overall population change among bird species following the spread of WNV throughout California. This result
was due primarily to declines in four species of Corvidae, including all species in this family except common ravens (Corvus corax). Our results support the hypothesis that susceptibility to WNV may have negative population consequences to most corvids on
regional levels. They also provide confirmation that dead animal surveillance programs can provide important data indicating
populations most likely to suffer detrimental impacts due to WNV. 相似文献