独岛枝芽胞杆菌MCCC 1A00493产生的4-乙烯基苯酚鉴定和作用南方根结线虫特性研究

【目的】根结线虫危害严重,难防难控,前期研究发现一株深海来源的独岛枝芽胞杆菌(Virgibacillus dokdonensis) MCCC 1A00493对南方根结线虫具有良好的体外拮抗效果,本研究分离鉴定菌株发酵液中杀线虫活性物质,对其作用线虫的多种模式进行研究,为菌株有效控制植物病原线虫的应用奠定理论基础。【方法】采用硅胶柱层析和半制备高效液相色谱对独岛枝芽胞杆菌发酵上清液中的杀线虫活性物质进行分离纯化,采用液相色谱质谱联用、核磁共振对纯化物进行结构鉴定;并对其趋避、诱杀、熏杀和卵孵化抑制活性进行检测。【结果】结构鉴定确定独岛枝芽胞杆菌MCCC 1A00493发酵液中分离的杀线虫活性物质为4-乙烯基苯酚。4-乙烯基苯酚对线虫具有触杀、熏杀、卵孵化抑制和高浓度驱避低浓度引诱活性,15μg/mL 4-乙烯基苯酚72 h触杀线虫校正死亡率为71.23%±9.06%;20 mg/mL 4-乙烯基苯酚24 h熏杀线虫死亡率达100%;100μg/mL4-乙烯基苯酚作用线虫卵10d后,卵孵化抑制率达66.2%;在琼脂平板上,10mg/mL的4-乙烯基苯酚对线虫有驱避作用,1 mg/mL的4-...     

CH4 emission with differences in atmospheric CO2 enrichment and rice cultivars in a Japanese paddy soil

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate CH₄ emissions from a sandy paddy soil as influenced by rice cultivars and atmospheric CO₂ elevation. The experiment with two CO₂ levels, 370 μL L⁻¹ (ambient) and 570 μL L⁻¹ (elevated), was performed in a climatron, located at the National Institute for Agro‐Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan. Four rice cultivars were tested in this experiment, including IR65598, IR72, Dular and Koshihikari. Tiller number, root length and grain yield were clearly larger under elevated CO₂ than under ambient CO₂. IR72 and Dular showed significantly higher tiller number, root length and grain yield than Koshihikari and IR65598. Average daily CH₄ fluxes under elevated CO₂ were significantly larger by 10.9–23.8% than those under ambient CO₂, and varied with the cultivars in the sequence Dular ≧ IR72>IR65598 ≧ Koshihikari. Dissolved organic C (DOC) content in the soil was obviously higher under elevated CO₂ than under ambient CO₂ and differed among the cultivars, in the sequence IR72>Dular>Koshihikari>IR65598. The differences in average daily CH₄ fluxes between CO₂ levels and among the cultivars were related to different root exudation as DOC content, root length and tiller number. This study indicated that Koshihikari should be a potential cultivar for mitigating CH₄ emission and simultaneously keeping stable grain yield, because this cultivar emitted lowest CH₄ emission and produced medium grain yield.     

Halobates collected during the circumnavigational expedition 'Operation Drake'

Samples of marine pleuston were collected from the sea-surface along considerable sections of the track of Eye of the Wind during its 2-year circumnavigational expedition 'Operation Drake' from November 1978 to October 1980. One hundred and eleven of the tow samples contained insects of the genus Halobates . They were assigned to four oceanic species: H. micans, H. sericeus, H. germanus and H. splendens; two coastal species: H. maculatus, H. princeps, and one undescribed species. Various development stages of the oceanic species were found. The locations, time of collection and surface temperatures where sea-skaters were collected are tabulated. Distributional boundaries and population densities of the oceanic species collected are discussed.     

基于MSPA-连接度-空间句法的生态保护空间及优先级识别——以苏锡常地区为例

随着城市化进程的加快,对生态保护空间(Ecological Protect Area,EPA)进行优先级识别已经成为保护生物多样性,缓解城市生态压力,提高土地利用效率的重要方法之一。以苏锡常地区为例,通过形态空间格局分析(Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis,MSPA)确定EPA,进而采用景观连接度方法对其优先级进行识别,以优先级较高的林地和水域为"源地",构建EPA网络;同时由于景观连接度方法在识别优先级时,未能体现EPA对物种决策的非等权重影响,因此本研究引入空间句法进一步对EPA进行优先级识别。结果显示:1)苏锡常地区EPA中编号1、2的林地以及太湖的优先级最高,是区域网络的3个中心,需要优先保护;2)引入空间句法的优先级识别结果与基于景观连接度的优先级识别结果存在明显差异,后者优先级较高的8个EPA,在引入空间句法后优先级降低1—2个等级;后者优先级较低的4个EPA的优先级则上升了2个等级。同时也表明:基于连接度-空间句法的EPA优先级识别方法能够反映不同景观要素对物种决策行为的非等权重影响,强化了生态要素的空间配置的生态效应,为明确关键性生态空间,提供了有效的方法补充,对保护生物多样性和维系区域生态安全具有重要意义。     

基于无人机影像的阿拉善东南部荒漠灌丛植被空间格局研究

干旱区灌丛植被空间格局受多种物理和生态过程影响，能够指示生态系统的状态。研究通过量化灌丛斑块大小的空间分布来评估阿拉善高原东南部覆沙荒漠植被生态系统的状态，采用点格局分析法分析灌木种群的相互关系，以阐明不同灌木种在斑块格局形成中的作用，并结合土壤条件及下垫面粗糙度等指标验证评估的准确性，探讨灌丛空间格局差异的内在机理。结果表明，研究区样方2灌丛斑块大小符合截尾幂律分布，其他样方符合对数正态分布，前者的空间结构及生境条件均优于后者，说明植被空间格局可以准确表征生态系统状态。在局地尺度上灌木种内和种间呈现不同的相互关系，以竞争关系为主导是导致斑块破碎化的主要驱动机制。小灌木（如猫头刺）的种内互利关系有利于促进多样化斑块形态的形成，而大灌木（如沙冬青和蒙古扁桃）种间的互利作用则有利于形成异质性更强的复杂空间格局。基于灌丛斑块的空间格局评估生态系统状态，可为保护和恢复生态脆弱区受损植被提供重要的借鉴。     

The effect of external Ca^2＋ and Ca^2＋—channel modulators on red—light—induced swelling of protoplasts of Phaseolus radiatus L.

Red-light-induced swelling of the protoplasts isolated from hypocotyl of etiolated mung bean(Phaseolus radiatusL.)was observed only when Ca^2 ions were present in the medium.The optimal CaCl2 concentration was 250μM,Swlling response declined when Ca^2 was supplied into the medium after red light irradiation.The Ca^2 -chelator EGTA eliminated the red-light-induced swelling and 45Ca^2 accumulation in the protoplasts.In conltrast,A23187,a Ca^2 -ionophore,could mimic the effect of red light in darkness.These results indicate that Ca^2 may play a role in light signal transduction.In addition,swelling response was prevented by TFP and CPZ(both are CaM antagonists),implying the involvement of CaM in red-light-induced and Ca^2 -dependent protoplast swelling.     

岩芋的组织培养

1植物名称岩芋(Remusatia vivipara Schott). 2材料类别珠芽. 3培养条件(1)丛芽诱导培养基:MS 6-BA 4 mg·L-1(单位下同) 2iP 4 NAA 0.5;(2)丛芽增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 4;(3)生根培养基:MS NAA 0.5.培养基中蔗糖浓度为3%,琼脂固化,pH 5.8.培养温度(27±2)℃,光照时间12 h·d-1 ,光照度2000 1x.     

黄褐油葫芦虫体营养成分与发育阶段的相关性研究

对黄褐油葫芦不同发育阶段虫体蛋白质、脂肪和矿物质元素等营养成分进行了测定与分析。结果表明该虫为高蛋白低脂肪昆虫,各发育阶段虫体的蛋白含量平均为15.92%,脂肪含量为5.40%,PG值平均为3.45,蛋白质、脂肪含量随着个体发育逐渐增加,但卵期蛋白含量较高。虫体含有7种主要脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸达57.3%,其中亚油酸的含量高达25.47%;富含矿物质元素,其中以Ca,Fe,Zn的含量较高,分别为1164,320.3和107.9μgg。5种脂肪酸和8种矿物质元素含量与发育阶段呈负相关。     

一种改进的小麦吸浆虫淘土调查方法及其效果

在多年调查实践的基础上,提出了一种改进的小麦吸浆虫Sitodiplosismosettana(Gelin)淘土调查方法——袋筛箩瓷盘法,并通过试验比较了该方法与传统的箩筛法和近年提出的袋筛箩盐水法的淘捡效果。结果表明,袋筛箩瓷盘法淘捡幼虫多,时间花费少。袋筛箩瓷盘法与袋筛箩盐水法比较,两者的捡虫效果相当,袋筛箩瓷盘法花费时间略少,但不需用食盐调节水的比重,减少了经济支出;与箩筛法比较,箩筛法的捡虫效果仅是袋筛箩瓷盘法的83%,且花费时间比后者多1倍。建议在生产上及时大范围推广袋筛箩瓷盘法淘捡小麦吸浆虫技术。