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E. Bezzel H. -J. Fünfstück A. Kostrzewa und W. Dornberger 《Journal of Ornithology》1995,136(2):225-235
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Anhand einer 16jährigen Untersuchung im Raum Ostwestfalen/Bielefeld wird der Bruterfolg des Turmfalken anhand von 439 Gelegen und 2256 Eiern beschrieben. Drei Brutplatztypen können unterschieden werden: A. Baumbruten in Nestern; B1. Baumbruten in Nistkästen; B2. Gebäudebruten in Nischen oder Nistkästen. Zwischen Baumbruten (A) und Nistkastenbruten (B1/2) werden signifikante Unterschiede beschrieben, die für Nistkästen größere Gelege (ca. ein Ei mehr) und größeren Ausfliegeerfolg belegen. Zwischen Nistkästen in Bäumen (B1) oder an Gebäuden (B2) konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede festgestellt werden. Weiterhin werden Lege- und Schlupftermine, Legerhythmus und oologische Daten aus dem Untersuchungsgebiet angegeben.
Breeding biology of Kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) in Eastern Westfalia 1972–1987
Summary The 16 years of study gave 439 clutches with 2,256 eggs. We separated three types of breeding sites: the use of (a) stick nests, mostly built by corvids (cf. Tab., Fig. 3), (b1) nest boxes attached to trees or telegraph poles (Fig. 2) and (b2) nest boxes or cavities at or in buildings (Fig. 1). Within these different types of breeding places we found some significant differences. Stick nests had less eggs and though less breeding success, which was possibly caused by predation of corvids, especially magpies. Within the two types of places with nest boxes no significant differences could be established. We concluded, that stick nests were marginal in Kestrels and nest boxes were optimal despite of their placement in trees, at poles or in buildings. Furthermore, the timing of breeding cycle was described (Fig. 4) and laying interval was determind to an average value of approximately two days (Fig. 5). Mean egg size was and average volume 21.2 cm2. Two daily controlled clutches lost 15.5% and 16.1% of mass (Fig. 6) pressumably mostly due to water losses.相似文献
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Population genetics and phylogenetics of DNA sequence variation at multiple loci within the Drosophila melanogaster species complex 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
Two regions of the genome, a 1-kbp portion of the zeste locus and a 1.1-
kbp portion of the yolk protein 2 locus, were sequenced in six individuals
from each of four species: Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, D.
mauritiana, and D. sechellia. The species and strains were the same as
those of a previous study of a 1.9-kbp region of the period locus. No
evidence was found for recent balancing or directional selection or for the
accumulation of selected differences between species. Yolk protein 2 has a
high level of amino acid replacement variation and a low level of
synonymous variation, while zeste has the opposite pattern. This contrast
is consistent with information on gene function and patterns of codon bias.
Polymorphism levels are consistent with a ranking of effective population
sizes, from low to high, in the following order: D. sechellia, D.
melanogaster, D.mauritiana, and D. simulans. The apparent species
relationships are very similar to those suggested by the period locus
study. In particular, D. simulans appears to be a large population that is
still segregating variation that arose before the separation of D.
mauritiana and D. sechellia. It is estimated that the separation of
ancestral D. melanogaster from the other species occurred 2.5-3.4 Mya. The
separations of D. sechellia and D. mauritiana from ancestral D. simulans
appear to have occurred 0.58- 0.86 Mya, with D. mauritiana having diverged
from ancestral D. simulans 0.1 Myr more recently than D. sechellia.
相似文献
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Renate Kostrzewa und Achim Kostrzewa 《Journal of Ornithology》1997,138(1):73-82
Zusammenfassung In einer zeitgleichen Untersuchung über 10 Jahre (1985–94) wird die Brutbiologie des Turmfalken in 17 Gebieten Deutschlands verglichen. Insgesamt 3017 Brutpaare mit 11 423 Jungen sind untersucht worden (Tab. 1). Der Bruterfolg in den einzelnen Gebieten ist für jedes Gebiet spezifisch. Er schwankt in den unterschiedlichen Gebieten und Jahren um bis zu 4 Juv/+BP, in jedem Gebiet für sich betrachtet maximal bis 2,5 Juv/+BP. Bedeutung hat insbesondere der Einfluß des Brutplatztyps: Geschützte Brutplätze (in Gebäuden und Kästen) haben höheren Bruterfolg 4 Juv/+BP als offene Brutplätze (Baumnester, Körbe), in denen 4 Juv/+BP ausfliegen. Die Gründe hierfür werden diskutiert.
Breeding success of the KestrelFalco tinnunculus in Germany: results 1985–1994
We compare breeding biology and success of 17 Kestrel subpopulations in Germany in 1985–1994. A total sample of 3,017 breeding attemps and 11,423 fledged young were analyzed by our study group. Breeding success was not parallel over years and study areas; differences were up to four fledged young per successful pair, area and year. Within areas the differences reached 2,5 fledged young per successful pair. The most striking result was the influence of nesting site on breeding success. Clutches in sheltered sites in buildings or in nest boxes always reached mean values above 4 fledged young per successful pair, open nest sites like crow nests, however, were most clearly below this value.相似文献
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R.M. Kostrzewa H. Fukushima A. Morrow P. Cohenour T. Hsi R.E. Lehr C.L. Blank 《Life sciences》1980,27(23):2245-2250
A new synthetic agent R, S-2-amino-1(2-amino-4, 5-dihydroxyphenyl) propane dihydrobromide, also referred to as α-methyl-6-aminodopamine (α-Me-6-ADA), has been found to produce acute (one day) and longer-term (seven day) depletion of norepinephrine (NE) levels in mouse brain and peripheral tissues. A 100 mg/kg dose of α-Me-6-ADA (i.v., free base) produced greater than 85% depletion of NE in the heart and spleen at one day and one week after treatment. Intracranially, α-Me-6-ADA (100 μg i.vtr.) depleted NE in the telencephalon and brain stem by 79% and 21% respectively at seven days. In addition DA was depleted by 45% in the ipsilateral striatum. The α-Me-6-ADA appears to have a relative selectivity for noradrenergic nerves, as an intracranial dose of 10 μg, which decreased NE in mouse whole brain by 52% at one day, failed to alter the DA content. These data suggest that α-Me-6-ADA may be a neurotoxin. 相似文献
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Gra?yna Kostrzewa Gra?yna Broda Magdalena Konarzewska Pawe? Krajewki Rafa? P?oski 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Genetic variants of Y chromosome predispose to hypertension in rodents, whereas in humans the evidence is conflicting. Our purpose was to study the distribution of a panel of Y chromosome markers in a cohort from a cross-sectional population-based study on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Poland (WOBASZ study). The HindIII, YAP Y chromosome variants, previously shown to influence blood pressure, lipid traits or height, as well as SNPs defining main Y chromosome haplogroups, were typed in 3026, 2783 and 2652 samples, respectively. In addition, 4 subgroups (N∼100 each) representing extremes of LDL concentration or blood pressure (BP) were typed for a panel of 17 STRs. The HindIII and YAP polymorphism were not associated with any of the studied traits. Analysis of the haplogroup distribution showed an association between higher HDL level and hg I-M170 (P = 0.02), higher LDL level and hg F*(xI-M170, J2-M172, K-M9) (P = 0.03) and lower BMI and hg N3-Tat (P = 0.04). Analysis of STRs did not show statistically significant differences. Since all these associations lost statistical significance after Bonferroni correction, we conclude that a major role of Y chromosome genetic variation (defined by HindIII, YAP or main Y chromosome haplogroups) in determining cardiovascular risk in Poles is unlikely. 相似文献