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1.
J B Jupiter A K Kour M D Palumbo M J Yaremchuk 《Plastic and reconstructive surgery》1991,88(6):943-51; discussion 952-4
In four complex cases of extremity reconstruction, we have been able to overcome the problems of combined bone and soft-tissue loss and length discrepancy by a combination of free-tissue transfer and the Ilizarov method of slow distraction. It is our observation that gradual distraction of a free tissue is a safe and viable procedure; the free tissue tolerates the pins of the circular external fixator well, and there is an equal degree of distraction and regeneration of the transferred free tissue and the native recipient tissue without evidence of wound dehiscence. Corticotomy through free tissue and in close proximity to vascularized bone is safe, with the subsequent bone regeneration not unlike that of normal bone. Manipulation by slow distraction does not appear to compromise the vasculature of the recipient bed for later microsurgical procedures or endanger the axial flow pattern of the transferred free tissue. 相似文献
2.
Mariac C Luong V Kapran I Mamadou A Sagnard F Deu M Chantereau J Gerard B Ndjeunga J Bezançon G Pham JL Vigouroux Y 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,114(1):49-58
Genetic diversity of crop species in sub-Sahelian Africa is still poorly documented. Among such crops, pearl millet is one of the most important staple species. In Niger, pearl millet covers more than 65% of the total cultivated area. Analyzing pearl millet genetic diversity, its origin and its dynamics is important for in situ and ex situ germplasm conservation and to increase knowledge useful for breeding programs. We developed new genetic markers and a high-throughput technique for the genetic analysis of pearl millet. Using 25 microsatellite markers, we analyzed genetic diversity in 46 wild and 421 cultivated accessions of pearl millet in Niger. We showed a significantly lower number of alleles and lower gene diversity in cultivated pearl millet accessions than in wild accessions. This result contrasts with a previous study using iso-enzyme markers showing similar genetic diversity between cultivated and wild pearl millet populations. We found a strong differentiation between the cultivated and wild groups in Niger. Analyses of introgressions between cultivated and wild accessions showed modest but statistically supported evidence of introgressions. Wild accessions in the central region of Niger showed introgressions of cultivated alleles. Accessions of cultivated pearl millet showed introgressions of wild alleles in the western, central, and eastern parts of Niger.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.Cedric Mariac and Viviane Luong have contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
3.
Establishing different types of conservation zones is becoming commonplace. However, spatial prioritization methods that can accommodate multiple zones are poorly understood in theory and application. It is typically assumed that management regulations across zones have differential levels of effectiveness (“zone effectiveness”) for biodiversity protection, but the influence of zone effectiveness on achieving conservation targets has not yet been explored. Here, we consider the zone effectiveness of three zones: permanent closure, partial protection, and open, for planning for the protection of five different marine habitats in the Vatu-i-Ra Seascape, Fiji. We explore the impact of differential zone effectiveness on the location and costs of conservation priorities. We assume that permanent closure zones are fully effective at protecting all habitats, open zones do not contribute towards the conservation targets and partial protection zones lie between these two extremes. We use four different estimates for zone effectiveness and three different estimates for zone cost of the partial protection zone. To enhance the practical utility of the approach, we also explore how much of each traditional fishing ground can remain open for fishing while still achieving conservation targets. Our results show that all of the high priority areas for permanent closure zones would not be a high priority when the zone effectiveness of the partial protection zone is equal to that of permanent closure zones. When differential zone effectiveness and costs are considered, the resulting marine protected area network consequently increases in size, with more area allocated to permanent closure zones to meet conservation targets. By distributing the loss of fishing opportunity equitably among local communities, we find that 84–88% of each traditional fishing ground can be left open while still meeting conservation targets. Finally, we summarize the steps for developing marine zoning that accounts for zone effectiveness. 相似文献
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Antimicrobial resistance in faecal samples from buffalo,wildebeest and zebra grazing together with and without cattle in Tanzania 下载免费PDF全文
6.
The parascapular flap for treatment of lower extremity disorders 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The parascapular flap was used as a free microvascular transfer for soft-tissue resurfacing of 11 lower extremities. The diagnoses included four cases of osteomyelitis, three cases of vascular ulceration, one case of combined osteomyelitis and vascular ulceration, two cases of posttraumatic heel defects, and one case of extensive soft-tissue contracture overlying a posttraumatic defect of the femur. All cases were successful clinically. Anatomically, the parascapular flap is supplied by the cutaneous parascapular artery, a branch of the circumflex scapular artery, which itself derives from the subscapular artery. Flap territory may reach 15 x 30 cm, and the vascular pedicle can extend 14 cm if the subscapular artery is taken. Advantages of this flap include the constancy, length, and caliber of the vascular pedicle; the length and width attributes, which allow both coverage of large wounds and primary closure of the donor defect; and an absence of disruption of musculoskeletal function. 相似文献
7.
The "double barrel" free vascularized fibular bone graft 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
N F Jones W M Swartz D C Mears J B Jupiter A Grossman 《Plastic and reconstructive surgery》1988,81(3):378-385
A further modification of the free vascularized fibular bone graft is described in which a transverse osteotomy is made from the anterolateral aspect of the fibular shaft just distal to the entry of the nutrient artery. This produces two vascularized bone struts that may be folded parallel to each other but that remain connected by the periosteum and muscle cuff surrounding the peroneal artery and vein. The proximal strut is vascularized by both a periosteal and an endosteal blood supply, whereas the distal strut is vascularized by a periosteal blood supply alone. This so-called "double barrel" free vascularized fibular graft has been employed in three patients with segmental bone defects of the distal femur and in one patient with adjacent bony defects of the radius and ulna. 相似文献
8.
Based on this review of 35 cases of chronic bony wounds, it would appear that the free-muscle flap method of wound closure and nourishment after thorough dead bone debridement is an attractive and successful alternative to local skin flaps, staged skin flaps, or extend skin-muscle flaps in areas where reliable muscle flaps are not available. It would also seem that the latissimus dorsi muscle flap with skin graft is an ideal donor-muscle transfer with features allowing a favorable and contoured surface in the recipient site and minimal aesthetic and functional deformity in the donor site. 相似文献
9.
Teresa Catry Jaime Albino Ramos David Monticelli John Bowler Tony Jupiter Matthieu Le Corre 《Journal of Ornithology》2009,150(3):661-669
The White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon lepturus breeding population of Aride Island, Seychelles, has experienced a strong decline in the recent past. To predict the future
trends of the White-tailed Tropicbird population on Aride Island and understand the urgency of applying management procedures,
we developed a population matrix model. We estimated White-tailed Tropicbird adult survival rate over a 12-year period and
investigated whether oceanographic conditions (El Ni?o Southern Oscillation, ENSO, and inter-annual climate variability in
the Indian Ocean, Indian Ocean Dipole, IOD) or local factors (Pisonia grandis fruiting events) potentially affect adult survival. Annual adult survival could not be linked to inter-annual variability
in oceanographic conditions, but may be more influenced by Pisonia fruiting events, which, overall, accounts for 23.2% of the adult mortality. The growth rate of the population, primarily
influenced by annual adult survival, was estimated to be 0.946, which indicates an annual population decline of 5.4%. At the
current rate, the probability of extinction of this population would be 99% in 170 years. Management scenarios studied through
Monte Carlo simulations, assuming small increments in adult survival and/or breeding success, dramatically reduce the risk
of extinction of White-tailed Tropicbirds. Habitat management, in order to maintain an open canopy and little understorey
vegetation, appears to be crucial for the conservation of White-tailed Tropicbirds on Aride Island, as has already been shown
for other ground-nesting tropical seabirds nesting on forested islands. 相似文献
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